犀牛角的鉴别方法(最快鉴定犀牛角的方法)

植物图片 2022-03-03 13:42

犀牛角

犀牛角是犀牛的角，如白犀牛、黑犀牛、印度犀牛、爪哇犀牛、苏门答腊犀牛等。具有很高的药用价值。但由于犀牛是国家保护动物，目前已被禁止入药，常改用水牛角。我们一起来看看犀牛角的鉴定方法吧！

犀牛角

犀牛角的鉴别标准

1.喇叭短而粗，底盘大，喇叭壳内填充有毛孔分布均匀的材料。

2.在高倍显微镜下观察，横截面有“鱼卵图案”的纹理，这是犀牛角独有的。

3.泡在热水里会闻到一股特殊的香味。

4.角部外皮皱缩无光泽，内部组织半透明，纵向有长丝状线。

犀牛角

犀牛角的鉴别方法

1.质地：任何犀牛角的纵切面都有平行的“竹丝纹”，亚洲犀牛角的“竹丝纹”较粗，非洲犀牛角的“竹丝纹”较细，任何犀牛角的横切面都有“小米纹”。水牛角的纵切面有扭曲的“扭曲线”，但没有平行的“平滑线”。

2.颜色：苏门犀牛角、爪哇犀牛角产品为蜂蜜或板栗，颜色纯正，透明度高。印度犀牛角有深色的上半部分和亮色的下半部分。上部灰黑色，广角，下部灰黄色。犀牛角的颜色并不单一，纵向中心附近总是黑色，这是犀牛角区别于其他牛角的重要特征。

3.温度：犀牛角性寒温，水牛角性寒寒，树脂合成品无冷感。

4.气味：亚洲犀牛角香，有中药味，广角腥味，干水牛角有硫磺味。

5.雕刻：犀牛角刻刀细腻光滑，细节处理细致，地面光滑。牛角雕工粗糙或僵硬，细节马虎，常见毛刺、刀痕、刀伤、地面不平。树脂成型产品没有刀工或雕刻痕迹。

犀牛角

犀牛角的品种分类

1.黑犀牛：黑犀牛分布在非洲东部和南部，它的肤色实际上是深棕色，而不是纯黑色。黑犀牛可以长到肩高1.5米，体重2300公斤，前后犀牛角可长达1.2米。

2.犀牛：犀牛为黄色或灰白色，分布于南非、苏丹南部、乌干达和扎伊尔东部，因其宽吻而得名。犀牛是所有犀牛中最大的，可以长到2米的肩高和3600公斤。前角通常有90厘米长，最多可长达1.5米。

3.印度犀牛：印度犀牛为灰色或白色，分布于印度北部的阿萨姆邦和尼泊尔。它只有一个角，很少长于30厘米，而雌性犀牛的角较短，但它的角底部可以宽至15厘米。印度犀牛肩高1.7米，体重超过1800公斤。

4.爪哇犀牛：爪哇犀牛的肤色介于灰色和黑色之间，可以长到肩高1.4米，体重超过900公斤。它只有一只犀牛角，公角可长达25厘米，母角可能较短，也可能没有角。这种犀牛主要分布在爪哇。

5.苏门答腊犀牛：苏门答腊犀牛分布在东南亚。它的肤色介于灰色和黑色之间。它有短而硬的体毛和短而钝的犀牛角。它的肩高可以长到1.4米，但体重不到900公斤。

注：1993年，中国政府颁布了禁止使用犀牛角的法令。虽然中国没有野生犀牛(中国最后一只犀牛是1922年被人类捕杀的)，但没有犀牛物种被列为国家保护动物。但作为《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》的成员，中国一直支持禁止犀牛产品贸易。

专题： 犀牛角
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