美人蕉的病害和防治方法

植物图片 2021-04-19 17:45

美人蕉花色鲜艳夺目，花期比较长，是美化环境的优良花卉品种之一，但是在养殖过程中，难免会出现一些病害，下面我们就了解一下美人蕉的病害及防治方法。

美人蕉的病害：黑斑病

症状

黑斑病是美人蕉常见的病害之一，一般在养殖的6—8月发病比较严重，叶片表面会生有枯斑，叶片背面病斑处会有黑色雾状物，先是叶缘或者叶端发病，之后蔓延到叶心。

防治方法

球根种植前用50%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂800倍液浸泡5—10分钟，预防发病。

发病初期剪除病叶烧毁，并喷洒75%百菌清可湿性粉剂，每7—10天一次，连续2—3次，可抑制病情发展。

美人蕉的病害：花叶病

症状

花叶病发病初期，美人蕉的叶片上会出现花叶或者黄绿相间的花斑，花瓣会逐渐变小，颜色逐渐杂乱，出现碎色条纹。

后期发病逐渐严重，叶片变成畸形、内卷，斑块坏死。

防治方法

由于美人蕉是分根繁殖，易使病毒年年相传，所以在繁殖时，宜选用无病毒的母株作为繁殖本体。发现病株立即拔除销毁，以减少浸染源。

花叶病是由蚜虫传播的，所以在发病时需要使用杀虫剂防治蚜虫，一般用40%氧化乐果2000倍液，或50%马拉硫磷、20%二嗪农、70%丙蚜松各1000倍液喷施 。

美人蕉的病害：芽腐病

症状

一般发生在美人蕉展叶、开花前，芽腐病的细菌会通过幼叶和花芽的气孔入侵，等到美人蕉展叶后，叶片上就会出现很多点状病斑，并且逐渐扩大，最后连接成条纹状的大斑。

病斑初期为灰白色，而后变为黑色，患病的花芽在开花前就会枯死，后期病斑逐渐下移。引起幼茎死亡。

老叶受害时，病斑扩展的比较缓慢，形态不规则，黄色，边缘带水渍状。

防治方法

选用健康的根茎作繁殖材料，对怀疑带菌的根茎，在栽植前用链霉素的500～1000倍液浸泡30分钟，既可防病，又可促进芽、枝生长。

宜栽植在阳光充足、肥沃湿润、排水良好的地段，避免栽植过密。

植株发病早期喷施波尔多液(1：1：200)或77%可杀得可湿性粉剂500倍液，14%络氨铜水剂400倍液等。

随时清除患病严重的植株，并烧毁。

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