洋桔梗的病害及防治方法

植物图片 2021-04-13 09:14

洋桔梗花色丰富，色调清新，是近年来最受欢迎的观花花卉之一，很多人希望在家里也能养殖洋桔梗，但是养殖不可避免的情况就是植株患病，这时候该怎么办呢？

洋桔梗的病害：茎枯病

症状

茎枯病主要是真菌感染导致的，会危害洋桔梗的茎部，高温高湿的环境容易患茎枯病。

患病后，洋桔梗茎部的皮层组织腐烂，出现灰白色小斑块，然后沿着洋桔梗的茎部上下扩展到全株。

后期病情严重，病部变呈深褐色干腐状，形成椭圆形褐色病斑，长出黑霉，导致叶片干枯或者全株死亡。

防治方法

平时养殖注意加强通风，降低种植密度。

合理施肥，控制氮肥的用量，适当添加磷钾肥，提高植株的抗病能力。

如果植株已经患病，发病初期喷施1%的波尔多液，严重时可用50%甲基托布津可湿性粉剂500倍液和50%百草清可湿性粉剂500—800倍液交替使用，每3—5天喷洒一次。

洋桔梗的病害：根腐病

症状

根腐病也是真菌病害，病菌在土壤中和病残体上过冬，一般多在3月下旬至4月上旬发病，5月进入发病盛期。

患病初期，植株不表现症状，根茎部形成黑色坏死斑，但随着根部腐烂的加剧，吸收水分养分的能力下降，新叶逐渐发黄，后期整株叶片发黄、枯萎，导致全株死亡。

防治方法

播种前，对种子进行消毒，用种子重量0.3 %的退菌特或种子重量0.1%的粉锈宁拌种，或用80%的402抗菌剂乳油2000倍液浸种5小时，插穗基部也可用同样浓度药液浸1小时后扦插。

一般施用腐熟的肥料，控制浇水的时间和水量，避免积水。

发病初期可用50%的多菌灵可湿性粉剂600倍液，每隔10天左右喷施一次，连续2—3次。

专题： 洋桔梗 桔梗
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