白兰的病害及其防治

植物图片 2021-04-01 14:15

炭疽病：首先剪除病叶，然后每隔10-15天为它喷洒一次100-200倍波尔多液或70%甲基托布津1000倍液，进行治疗。根腐病：先将植株脱盆，剪掉烂根。然后用无菌无积水的新土重新栽植。黄化病：及时剪掉变黄的叶子，并且向叶面喷洒硫酸亚铁溶液，进行治疗。

白兰的炭疽病

症状

属真菌性病害，一般多在六月初开始发病，七，八月是盛发期。玉兰盆栽浇水过多，湿度过大很容易引发此疾病。

叶片褪绿并开始出现黄色小斑点为初期症状，之后这些小斑点就是逐渐扩大成圆形，几个病斑合并成不规则的斑，中间是淡褐色的，边缘则是呈现暗褐色。病斑发生于叶缘时形状为半圆型，使叶看上去有些扭曲。发病严重时，整片叶片都会枯焦，发黑，脱落。

防治方法

改善浇水方式，从盆沿注入水，注意控制水量，并剪除病叶。在多雨、梅雨时期，一般每隔10-15天喷等量式100-200倍波尔多液，65%代森锌500-800倍液，或70%甲基托布津一千倍液，连喷三，四次，可以起到抑制作用。

白兰的根腐病

症状

属于真菌性病害。是由于白兰浇水过多或是遭受了涝害所引起的根系变黑腐烂，轻者生长不良，叶片萎黄脱落，严重的话，就会造成植株的死亡。

防治方法

努力改善土壤地排水条件可以有效防病。平时适量浇水，少浇但要浇透，做好松土通风工作。防止雨淋，及时倾倒盆内积水。可以在盆底多垫些碎瓦片、小石头等方便排水。白兰生长期发病时，可以用65%代森锌250倍液，50%代森铵250倍液，或50%多的菌灵五百倍液等化学药品来浇灌根部土壤。

白兰的黄化病

症状

属生理性病害。白兰喜欢微酸性土壤，由于盆土偏碱性，加上使用含盐碱较多的水进行日常浇灌，导致白兰花叶片由原先的翠绿色逐渐褪变成黄色、发白，当叶片呈褐色时，病症更为严重，此时叶片局部坏死。

防治方法向叶面连续喷三，四次0.5%硫酸亚铁溶液，一周一次，同时施用矾肥水。
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