水分失调使花卉受害有哪些原因

植物图片 2019-12-16 11:07

水分失调表现为干旱和涝害2种。

干旱对花卉危害的程度因花卉种类不同而异。大体上分为直接危害和间接危害两类。直接危害是由于干旱时土壤中水分缺乏，叶子蒸腾失水后得不到补充，引起细胞原生质脱水，直接破坏了细胞结构，造成植株死亡。这种危害通常是不可逆的。间接危害是细胞脱水后，引起花卉体内能量代谢混乱，营养物质吸收和运输受阻，影响植株生长发育。这一过程较缓慢，通常不会造成植株死亡。

水分失调的牡丹花

涝害使花卉死亡的原因有如下两点：

1、水分过多，土壤中空气减少，造成土壤缺氧，根系呼吸减弱，长期下去就会使花卉窒息死亡。

2、水分过多造成土壤中氧的剧减和二氧化碳的累积，使土壤中氧化还原电势下降，因而抑制了好气细菌的活动，促进了嫌气细菌的活跃。嫌气细菌的代谢会产生多种有机酸（甲酸、草酸、乳酸等），或产生硫化氢、甲烷等有毒物质，阻碍花卉根系的呼吸和养分的释放，使根系中毒、腐烂，乃至死亡。

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