盆花的叶片为何发黄

植物图片 2019-12-14 19:13

发黄的平安树叶子

盆花在生长期中，叶子发黄的原因很多，但都是由于栽培条件失调引起的。有的是一种原因引起的，也有的是多种原因造成的。在养护过程中，应细心观察，分析其原因，加以纠治。

一、原因分析

（1）旱黄。长期没浇水，或浇水偏少，会出现叶子发黄或棕端、棕边、老叶自下而上的枯黄脱落，但新叶通常生长正常，这时应浇透水。

（1）水黄。由于浇水过多引起的黄叶，表现在嫩叶暗黄无光泽，但老叶无明显变化，枝茎细小黄绿，新梢萎缩不长。应节制浇水量，重者可脱盆，置阴处吹干土球后再上盆。

（1）缺肥黄。盆花长期只浇水不施肥，或多年不换盆，根须滚团，追肥易渗漏，植株得不到肥分，而叶子发黄。除及时换盆外，平时薄肥常施，即无此弊。

（1）肥黄。由于施肥多或浓度过大，新叶顶尖出现干褐色，通常叶面虽肥厚有光泽，但大都凹凸不舒展，老叶干尖焦黄脱落，应即停施肥或水洗。

（1）湿热黄。一些不耐高温、高湿的盆花，会因盛夏通风不良，遮荫不当而引起黄叶。如吊钟海棠在夏天有此现象良好；又如在江南一带栽种的君子兰，在6月霉雨季节，叶子常易棕端，即高温多湿引起的，要注意通风和降温，而且盆土不能过湿。

（1）灼黄。喜阴湿的盆花，如吊兰、万年青、玉簪等，如经强烈阳光直射，叶子有棕端、棕边的现象，置阴处者无此弊。

（1）碱黄。一些喜酸性土花木，如栀子、山茶、杜鹃、茉莉等，如盆土或水质偏碱，叶子由绿转黄，甚至脱落，除用酸性土栽培外，并常施矾肥水，可免此弊。

其他病虫害或忽冷忽热，也能引起黄叶而脱落。如仅仅在植株下部枝条上有少数叶子黄化脱落，这是叶子成熟老化的正常现象。

二、防治措施

针对南方喜酸性土花卉在北方栽培后引起叶子黄化的原因，通常可采取以下防治措施：

一是增加可溶性铁的供给。北方水土偏碱，可施用硫铵等酸性化肥掺入石膏、硫磺粉1{bf}-10{bf}，有助于降低碱性，提高铁的有效性。适时适量施用有机肥料，在分解过程中产生有机酸，既能改变土壤酸度，又能溶解土中的铁，以利植物吸收。

用0. 2{bf}-0.5{bf}的硫酸亚铁水溶液或用5{bf}-10{bf}的柠檬酸铁晚间喷施，1周后可使叶子转绿，经常喷施就可保持绿色。

在新叶萌发前，将发过酵的肥水（饼肥）、硫酸亚铁和水（按7:5: 200的比例配制），施入盆土内，每月施1次，即能保持绿色。

家庭中可用醋与水(1：200)溶液，柑橘皮泡水或晒干揉末施用，也能提高铁的有效性。

二是增加镁的供给。南方酸性土地域施用钙镁磷肥或用10{bf}-50{bf}的硫酸镁溶液喷施叶面，可使叶子转绿。

三是及时供给氮肥。地栽花卉在冬天施足有机肥料（饼肥、垃圾泥等），盆栽花卉在春天追施尿素或硫铵10{bf}-20{bf}溶液。

此外，地栽花卉应及时排水，盆栽花卉下垫排水层，注意土壤通气良好。

专题： 盆花
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