兔耳兰的养殖方法和注意事项

植物图片 2023-01-24 15:01

兔耳兰的繁殖方法

分株繁殖

兔耳兰的最佳繁殖季节是春季和秋季，隔三年适宜分株一次。分株要求选择健壮、富有密集的假球茎的的植株，至少保证分株后每五个假球茎连接在一起。操作前需要减少浇水，保证盆内土壤干爽。

上盆时盆底先覆盖一层碎瓦片，上面再铺设一层粗石子，约为盆深度的1/5或1/4，再放入粗粒土、以及少量的细土，最后用富含有腐殖质的沙质土壤将分株栽培。深度为假球茎刚刚没入土壤为宜，表层铺上细石子或者是云草，再浇水。于阴凉处放置10-15天，保持湿润的土壤环境即可。

繁殖

播种繁殖

兔尾兰的种子极为细小，种子内的胚还发育不够完全，生芽率和成活率极低。而且种子皮吸收水分的能力差，一般的方法经常不能发芽，需要使用人工培养基、兰菌才能完成养分的供给，从而萌发。

建议选用未开裂的兔尾兰果实，表面用酒精消毒后取出种子。再将种子置于10%的次氯酸钠中浸泡，5-10分钟即可，然后无菌水冲洗三次即可置于培养基。温度25℃，待萌芽后再拿到光照下成长为原球茎。全过程大概需要半年到一年的时间。

分株

兔耳兰繁殖的注意事项

生态习性

兔耳兰喜阴喜湿润，切忌阳光直射、忌干燥。适宜生长温度为15℃至30℃，5℃以下会冻坏，35℃以上不利于生长。

兔耳兰

病虫害

兔耳兰在梅雨季节以沾染白绢病，会导致根茎腐烂。此时需要祛除带菌的陪在土壤，并撒上石灰，再放置通风处。

其次炭疽病终年都会围绕兔耳兰，病斑呈现为干黑点，严重会导致整株死亡。对于这种情况可以选择一周左右喷洒一次可湿性粉剂，比如甲基托布津，然后15天左右喷洒一次波尔多溶液，连续喷洒三到五次，就可以看到很好的效果了。

最后注意防治介壳虫，一经发现就必须立即采取措施，最快的办法就是人工清除，或用氧化乐果乳油进行喷杀，混合水的浓度为1500倍液。

病虫害

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