扬州大学生物科学与技术学院植物标本的采集与腊叶标本

植物图片 2022-06-06 09:03

扬州大学生物科学技术学院 高洪明 植物标本采集与蜡叶标本制备 植物标本采集 采集盒（或塑料袋）、标本架、树枝剪、挖根铲、手锯、绳索、数字卡、标签、吸水纸（草纸或旧报纸）、桌纸、封面纸、镊子、铅笔、放大镜、水网、记录簿、高度表（用于测量高度）、钢卷尺、方位板、等 标本采集方法 标本采集方法  药材中等大小，高约40厘米，带根挖出全株。如果不能将整株植物压入试样架中，可将其折叠成“V”或“N”形，尤其是高大的。 ，你需要把中间部分剪掉，只留下上半部分和基部茎叶压在一起。如何采集标本 木质植物应剪取25-30厘米长的有叶、花或果实的枝条。如何采集标本  植物有经济价值，还要采集其应用部位，如树皮、果实、根茎等。 雌雄异株植物应分别采集雌雄植物。 菟丝子、猎党等寄生植物应与寄主一起采收。  有地下根茎、块茎、鳞茎和根的植物应挖出并编号保存。各种植物的开花结果季节不同，生长地点也不同。根据植物的生活习性、生态环境和分布规律采集标本。

植物标本台纸_怎么做植物立体标本_贴标本用什么纸

如何采集标本 仔细清洗污泥并去除枯叶。田间记录及编号  田间记录应记录在专门的田间记录簿中，并按格式填写，但有一些是最重要的，如植物的土壤名称、经济用途、生态环境、海拔、花和果实。颜色等。因为花朵和果实的颜色在被标本夹按压后很容易变色，影响物种的正确识别。 在现场记录的同时，对每个标本进行编号。编号写在编号标签和现场记录簿上。两者必须一致，这样才能通过数字标签搜索字段记录。同一地点、同一时间采集的同一物种的标本一般应采集2～3个，可编号相同。每个标本都应该用数字符号绑起来，以免出错。姓氏 采集日期 采集地点 生长环境 昵称_________ 姓名 采集编号 地名 ___________ 年月日海表 如何采集标本 将采集的标本轻轻放入采集箱（或塑料袋）中。蜡叶标本的制作  现场采集的标本夹在标本架上时仍是湿的。需要不断换纸吸水压干。叶子脱落。蜡叶标本的制作  对于刚压好的标本植物标本台纸，前3天每天换纸1-3次，至少一次。压后第一次换纸时，植株基本柔软，此时应整理标本。 , 过度重叠的枝叶要剪掉，皱折的叶子和花瓣要适当展开，切掉或落下的花朵、果实和叶子应收集在小纸袋中，与原始标本一起放置，以备日后解剖观察。 .

3天后，每天更换一次纸张，直至完全干燥。更换后的湿纸应在通风处晒干。在极端潮湿的天气里植物标本台纸，草纸应该加热烘烤。多肉植物标本的制作不易晒干，一般会超过一个月，有的甚至在压榨过程中还会继续生长，所以采收后必须用开水或药物处理，以消除其生长能力，然后再压榨，但鲜花不能浸入沸水中。对于肉质多节茎和肉质地下块茎、根、鳞茎等，可剪开，部分压榨，其余的形状、颜色、大小、质地等，可被详细记录。标本压干后应进行灭菌处理，以杀死标本上的虫卵。通常的方法是使用氯化汞、四氯化碳或二硫化碳进行气体熏蒸消毒。熏蒸3天左右即可取出。低温杀虫剂放入-40℃低温冰箱。杀虫后取出标本，装订成合格的蜡叶标本。蜡叶标本的制作  干燥的蜡叶标本需要贴在台纸上。 桌纸一般采用厚林纸、铜版纸或白板纸，切成11. 5× 16. 5英寸（29×42厘米），为国际标准尺寸。也可以切8口，即一般尺寸27×39厘米，可以节省纸张。 将标本放在台纸上，用胶水将标本粘在台纸上。 用线或纸条将树枝、水果等缝合牢固，或在台纸上打孔，将纸条贴在背面。

贴标本用什么纸_怎么做植物立体标本_植物标本台纸

装订标本时，用扁锥在根、枝、叶柄两侧刺破台纸，插入坚韧的纸条，将纸条两端粘在背面的台纸上的桌纸。可以将浮萍、小龙胆等小标本装入纸袋中，然后将纸袋粘贴在台纸上。表纸左上角粘贴一份现场记录标签，右下角粘贴姓名标签。仔细辨认后，写上拉丁名。估价师应签署自己的名字以表明责任。装着落花和落果的纸袋也用回形针粘在桌纸上。蜡叶标本的制备

怎么做植物立体标本_植物标本台纸_贴标本用什么纸

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