盆栽葡萄种植方法

植物图片 2021-02-18 10:57

种植葡萄常用枝插繁殖，剪取生长粗壮的枝条．剪成5-15cm长扦插在盆栽中即可，栽种时要选择光照好的地方。要适量施肥早期以氮肥为主，进入结果期后磷、钾肥相应增加。在它生长一段时间后要注意修剪，将过密和细弱的枝条剪掉。

环境要求

温度

葡萄对低温的忍受能力，因各种群和各器官不同而异，如欧亚种和欧美杂种，萌发时芽可忍受－3至－4℃的低温；嫩肖和幼叶在－1℃、花序在0℃时发生冻害。在休眠期，欧亚品种成熟新梢的冬芽可忍受―16℃至―17℃，多年生的老蔓在－20℃时发生冻害。根系抗寒力较弱，欧亚群的龙眼、玫瑰香、葡萄园皇后等品种的根系在―4℃至―5℃时发生轻度冻害，－6℃时经两天左右被冻死。北方地区采用东北山葡萄或贝达葡萄作砧木，可提高根系抗寒力，其根系分可耐－16℃和－11℃的低温，致死临界温度分别为－18℃和－14℃，可减少冬季防寒埋土厚度。

光照

葡萄是喜光植物，对光的要求较高，光照时数长短对葡萄生长发育、产量和品质有很大影响。光照不足时，新梢生长细弱，叶片薄，叶色淡，果穗小，落花落果多，产量低，品质差，冬芽分化不良。所以栽种时，要求选择光照好的地方，并且注意通风、采光。

水分

葡萄各物候期，对水分要求不同。在早春萌芽、新梢生长期、幼果膨大期均要求有充足的水分供应，一般隔7－10天灌水1次，使土壤含水量达70%左右为宜。在浆果成熟期前后土壤含水量达60%左右较好。但雨量过多要注意及时排水，以免湿度过大影响浆果质量，还易发生病害。如雨水过少，要每隔10天左右灌1次水，否则久旱逢雨易出现裂果，造成经济损失。

土壤

葡萄对土壤的适应性较强，除了沼泽地和重盐碱示适宜生长外，其余各类型土壤都能栽培，而以肥沃的沙壤土最为适宜。不同土壤对葡萄生长发充和品质有不同的影响。若当地的土质较差，可以选择专业的培养土栽种。

栽种及管理

育苗及栽植

常用枝插繁殖，剪取生长粗壮、芽眼饱满的一年生枝条．用单芽或双芽剪成长5-15cm 左右插条，按15cm×50cm距离2月扦插在盆栽中。但气候炎热的地区可以选择嫁接的方法，将植株接在抗性强的砧木上。

肥水管理

葡萄需大量养分，早期以氮肥为主，进入结果期后磷、钾肥相应增加。追肥分别在荫芽前、开花前和果实膨大期施入，前期以氮肥为主，促使枝蔓生长和花穗发育，果实膨大期增施磷、钾肥，改善品质。根外追肥喷施0. 3%尿素和0. 2%磷酸二氢钾可促果实膨大和成熟。

整形修剪

当葡萄长到一段时间，藤蔓蔓延，建议搭架子或将其缠绕的室外，便于通风透光、减少病害和地面辐射对叶、果的灼伤。或者对葡萄藤进行修剪。生长期尽量不要修剪，以免将芽剪掉影响葡萄生长。修剪一般在冬季落叶后进行。长梢留8-12节、中梢留5-7节、短梢留3-1节。夏季萌芽时也可以适当修剪，花前疏除过多的花序、留大去小、留壮去弱。

专题： 葡萄 盆栽 盆栽葡萄 葡萄盆栽 葡萄怎么盆栽
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