土瓶草是一种什么植物?

植物图片 2020-12-01 22:14

很多小伙伴都听说过土瓶草,却对土瓶草知之甚少,土瓶草是一种什么植物?土瓶草又有那些特性?下面小编就为你介绍土瓶草是什么。

 

土瓶草的资料

 

土瓶草是什么:

土瓶草又称澳大利亚瓶子草。原产于澳大利亚西南部。多年生草本,有短的木质地下茎。花淡黄色,其下位叶瓶状,用以捕捉昆虫。土瓶草以前被分到虎耳草科,属于蔷薇目,1998年根据基因亲缘关系分类的APG分类法将其单独列为一个科,放到酢浆草目下面。虽然土瓶草是食虫植物,但有一种澳大利亚特有的蝇子却将蛹放在土瓶草的瓶叶中孵化。土瓶草已经被世界各地作为栽培观赏植物引种。土瓶草如果在阳光直射下,颜色鲜艳;如果生长在光照充足的阴影中,则成为绿色。

 

土瓶草的资料

 

土瓶草基本资料:

土瓶草

种族:植物

属性:地

分类:土瓶草科只有一属—土瓶草属,一种—土瓶草。

生境:生长在澳大利亚西南部,是一种食虫植物。

土瓶草生有两种叶子,一种和普通叶子一样可以进行光合作用,另一种为捕虫用的瓶罐形叶子,内有消化液,外面有一个盖子,防止雨水流入稀释消化液,盖子上有透明的斑点,类似蓝天的效果,以迷惑虫子。土瓶草以前被分到虎耳草科,属于蔷薇目,1998年根据基因亲缘关系分类的APG分类法将其单独列为一个科,放到酢浆草目下面。虽然土瓶草是食虫植物,但有一种澳大利亚特有的蝇子却将蛹放在土瓶草的瓶叶中孵化。目前土瓶草已经被世界各地作为栽培观赏植物引种。土瓶草如果在阳光直射下,颜色鲜艳;如果生长在光照充足的阴影中,则成为绿色。

形态描述:

在原产地春天发叶,叶呈卵形,平且末段尖状。叶梗平且短。叶子的寿命通常为一年,待新叶发出后老叶枯萎。某些叶子可超过8cm,但平均长度为3cm.一些植物学家认为这些并不是真正意义上的叶子。

而是由于不适宜的环境而未能长成的叶笼。也就是说,当周围的环境中没有充足的昆虫可供捕食时,这些“叶片”进行光合作用以弥补营养的不足。这一理论的依据便是有时候植株会长出奇怪形状的类似空茶杯的原始捕虫器。

捕虫器同某些品种的猪笼草十分相似,但梗与捕虫器的连接处在背部的上端,这一点区别于猪笼草(猪笼草的连接处位于瓶底)。

瓶盖上多毛并且有漂亮的条纹,瓶口有辐射状的突起形成沟状物,并在瓶口内部伸出,形成刺状物。叶笼长度从4mm到4.5cm不等,但大多数在3cm左右。经过人工培育,一些个体的叶笼可达8cm.在荫蔽处叶笼成绿色,光照下呈现出斑斓的红紫等颜色,但过多的光照会影响叶笼的尺寸。

 

土瓶草的资料

 

土瓶草生态习性:

土瓶草,单科(土瓶草科)单属单种,原产自澳大利亚西南部的湿地中。土瓶草给人的第一印象便是可爱——几个胖嘟嘟的小弟弟散坐在草上,懒洋洋地晒着太阳,很童话的感觉。仅生长在澳大利亚的植物。叶子的形状好像带盖子的小瓶。落入其中的昆虫经过了一段时间就会溶化消失。或许这种植物是从昆虫中吸取养分吧。

捕虫方式:

被动囊袋捕虫。囊盖不能动作。 囊袋和盖在强日照下呈紫红色,囊盖上有透明窗吸引昆虫。袋内部有腺体,袋口滑溜,昆虫停留 在袋口外缘上很容易失足掉入袋内,被袋内的液体淹死而被消化液所消化分解。

 

土瓶草的资料

 

土瓶草栽培管理:

1. 温度 : 5-35℃

2. 阳光 :温度在18℃以下,湿度在90{bf}以上则可全日照,捕虫袋 呈红色,但较小,湿度低时则需遮阴30-50{bf}。温度在18- 35℃时,遮阴50{bf},捕虫袋较大些,但颜色呈绿色。可逐渐增加光照使捕虫袋转成紫红色。

3. 湿度:在高湿度,捕虫袋较大型,低湿度下也可生存,但捕虫 袋。较小。在干热季节,囊袋盖子似乎较闭合。平常 应保持在透明罩或水族箱内。

4. 栽培介质:3份酸性泥炭苔加1份园艺用干净粗砂。盆器至少 15公分高度。

5. 浇水:以雨水、蒸馏水最佳,山泉水也可以。自来水和酸雨水不能使用,盆底置水盘装约0.2CM水,以利盆底吸水。 避免浇水淋到植物心芽,以免腐烂。

6. 肥料:千萭不可施用任何化学肥料或有机肥料。

7. 病虫害:芽虫、粉介壳虫。冬季时将枯萎老叶消除,可减少发生灰霉病。

8. 休眠:不会休眠。如植物突然枯萎,检视根部状况仍然良好时,应立即将枯萎老叶消除,将植株种回原介质,保持 介质湿润,约2个月后即能恢复生长势。如情况未改善, 则考虑增加日照或湿度。春季长出的叶子不会形成捕虫袋 ,只有夏季多虫季节才会长捕虫袋。

繁殖方式 :播种、分株、组织培养。

 

土瓶草的资料

 

土瓶草栽培注意事项:

1、病虫害防治

土瓶草基本不会发生虫害,需要注意的是,当青虫、地老虎等害虫在无食可吃时,都有可能会啃食植物的叶片,当发现叶片有被啃食过的痕迹时,应及时找找植株附近是否有这类害虫,并捕捉灭杀,也可使用广谱(通用型)杀虫剂进行灭杀,使用时将叶片喷湿即可,切忌大量喷施。杀虫剂对人体的危害是比较大的,对植物也有一定的危害,应尽量使用手动杀灭的方法,当不得已需要使用时也应该在购买时询问清楚,购买大厂家生产的产品,并按照说明使用。

2、真菌感染

真菌感染是夏季容易出现的问题,通常在密闭、不通风且温度偏高时容易发生,应给食虫植物提供通风良好的环境,闷养时也应该定时进行通风。真菌易发时可每1-2周喷施一次广谱(通用型)杀菌剂进行预防。若真菌已经开始在基质、植株上滋生,则需要立即加强通风,去除病害部分,并使用一些治疗效果更好的杀菌剂,需要在购买时询问清楚,对症下药。

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