茭白是什么？茭白图片

植物图片 2020-06-19 09:27

茭白别称高瓜、菰笋、菰手、茭笋、高笋等，为是禾本科菰属多年生宿根草本植物，古人称之为“菰”，在唐代以前被当作粮食作物栽培，种子叫菰米或雕胡，“六谷”(稌、黍、稷、粱、麦、菰)之一。后来人们发现有些菰因感染上黑粉菌而不抽穗，且植株毫无病象，茎部不断膨大，逐渐形成纺锤形的肉质茎，这就是现在食用的茭白。

茭白

茭白具根状茎，地上茎可产生23次分蘖，形成蘖枝丛，秆直立，粗壮，基部有不定根，主茎和分蘖枝进入生殖生长后，基部如有茭白黑粉菌寄生，则不能正常生长，形成椭圆形或近圆形的肉质茎。叶片扁平，长披针形，先端芒状渐尖，基部微收或渐窄，一般上面和边缘粗糙，下面光滑，中脉在背面凸起。叶鞘长而肥厚，互相抱合形成“假茎”。花果期秋冬，圆锥花序大，颖果圆柱形。

茭白

茭白属喜温性植物，生长适温10～25℃，不耐寒冷和高温干旱。平原地区种植双季茭为多，双季茭对日照长短要求不严，对水肥条件要求高，而温度是影响孕茭的重要因素。茭白根系发达，需水量多，适宜水源充足、灌水方便、土层深厚松软、土壤肥沃、富含有机质、保水保肥能力强的黏壤土或壤土。

茭白

茭白原产中国及东南亚，目前把茭白作为蔬菜栽培的只有中国和越南，其中又以我国栽培最早，分布于我国南北各地，河北、江苏、浙江、安徽、江西、福建、台湾、香港、河南、湖南、湖北、海南、广东、广西、四川、云南、黑龙江等地均有种植。余姚茭白算河姆渡镇最为闻名，现年产茭白5万吨，河姆渡镇万亩无公害茭白基地先后被列为宁波市二级蔬菜基地、上海蔬菜集团茭白供应基地、浙江省优质高效农业示范基地。

茭白

茭白主要含蛋白质、脂肪、糖类、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素E、微量胡萝卜素和矿物质等，嫩茭白的有机氮素以氨基酸状态存在，并能提供硫元素，味道鲜美，营养价值较高，容易为人体所吸收，但由于茭白含有较多的草酸，其钙质不容易被人体所吸收。医用茭白清湿热、解毒、催乳汁，其中的豆甾醇能清除体内活性氧、抑制酪氨酸酶活性，从而阻止黑色素生成，还能软化皮肤表面的角质层，使皮肤润滑细腻。

专题： 是什么 茭白
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