中国兰指的是哪些兰花？详细介绍5大国兰品种

植物图片 2020-02-14 10:40

兰花是很多文人雅士所喜欢的花卉植株，它淡雅高洁，花色清雅，幽香四溢。但是兰花是分为中国兰和热带兰之分的，有的花友不知道中国兰指的是哪些兰花，其实从名字就看的出来，中国兰是中国种植的兰花，有春兰、蕙兰、建兰、寒兰、及其报岁兰。

一、中国兰的5大兰花品种

1、春兰

春兰是非常有名的国兰之一，又名叫做山兰和草兰，是属于兰花品种之中比较常见的一类。许多养兰花的花友都是从春兰开始养殖的，也是中国分布最广，最受人喜爱的兰花。春兰植株通常有3～15厘米高，花序大多是单朵花，极少数才会出现2朵，花色偏向青色，非常清丽淡雅。

2、蕙兰

蕙兰又被称为夏兰、九节兰和一茎九花，这种兰花的特色就是花茎较长，都有30～80厘米开花的时候，一枝花茎上面会有好几朵花，所以它得名字还叫做一茎九花。另外蕙兰的叶子也是要比春兰要稍长一些，清逸很多。蕙兰在古代叫做“蕙”，有着很悠久的种植历史。

3、建兰

关于中国兰指的是哪些兰花这一问题，建兰也是其中最重要的品种，这是一种非常常见的兰花品种，由于兰草的叶子非常细长，有剑的感觉，所以被还被称为剑兰。它的花期是在每年的7～10月份的时候，所以在最养殖的时候会从夏天开放至秋天，还有着四季兰的美称。

4、寒兰

寒兰又名冬兰，很明显，是一种冬天时候绽放的兰花品种，寒冷冬日中的11～12月份绽放，非常的亲冷孤傲。寒兰的叶子比较宽厚，花茎虽然稍细又长，但是笔直又挺立，非常孤傲的样子。寒兰花被片的窄又长，花朵却是非常艳丽，香味也是非常清醇。

5、报岁兰

其实报岁兰就是我们常讲的墨兰了，墨兰的品种很多，它的叶子基本上都是非常宽厚，形状也很像剑的样子。花茎笔直又挺立，花期是在每年的1～2月的时候，由于总是在春节期间，所以才被命名报岁兰，但是由于这个品种不耐寒，所以基本上都是养在室内温暖的环境中。

兰花在中国的多种花卉之中的地位非常高，在古代不仅有“蕙质兰心”之说，更有象征友情的金兰之交。中国兰的品种有1019种，总的分为上面的5大种，是世界上有2万多种兰花品种中的小部分。除了中国兰，还有热带兰也很有名气，但是热带兰却和中国兰有着本质上的区别。

二、中国兰和热带兰的两大区别

1、花期区别

热带兰

很多人不知道热带兰和中国兰有什么区别，其实从花期就能看出来，热带兰的花期都是比中国兰的几个品种都要长，平常的热带兰大都有3个月花期，尤其是希瓦熊谷兰和厄瓜多尔的瘤瓣兰都是常年开花不断的，而我们中国的兰花兰草大多花期只有1～2个月。

2、花冠大小

热带兰

热带兰的花冠非常的大，中国兰的风格都是比较清雅，花冠也要小一些。苏门答腊的石豆兰的花冠直径就有10厘米，这已经是非常平常的大小，像是卡特兰的花冠直径就有30厘米的大小，简直壮观之极。而我们的中国兰的花冠就要小的多了，基本上都在5厘米左右。

3、风格区别

热带兰

热带兰的花朵形状偏大，花色也是非常浓艳，非常娇媚，就像西方油画一样浓墨重彩，一副华贵的的模样。但是中国兰的风格就完全不一样，非常清雅，没有特别艳丽的品种，比较起来，中国兰就像是咱们中国的水墨画一样，花色也是偏向清雅。

通过上文的介绍，相信大家已经明白中国兰分别指的是哪些兰花了。咱们的国兰花色清雅，香味幽远、一副高压自成的样子，喜欢的花友可以养一盆兰花试一试。

专题： 兰花
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