葫芦种植方法和种植葫芦的注意事项

植物图片 2020-03-13 10:50

葫芦，谐音“福禄”，是民间传说中辟邪祈福、添财增寿的吉祥物。近年来，葫芦的盆栽技术日趋完善，葫芦渐渐进入了盆栽尤其是组合盆栽领域。下面我们介绍一下葫芦的种植方法。

藤上结出两个小葫芦

葫芦的种植方法：

一、播种

1、播种时间清明前后，播种时用钳子或指甲刀将种子尖切开一个小豁口，更容易发芽，注意不要破坏内部，仅仅破坏外壳。使其自然拱破 。

2、用30度的水浸种8小时到12小时，首先用象湿毛巾一样的粗布将种子包好，气温在25～30度的地方。葫芦种子通常在7～10天发芽，芽长通常长到0.5～1cm左右时移种到育苗床里。

3、选择松软的土壤，将种子平放摆齐，培上1cm土，(有条件的朋友或者新手最好用育苗块，用育苗块时，先将育苗块泡起来，育苗箱不要有积水，然后戳个洞，把发芽的葫芦种子放进去，然后盖好)。在阴凉处放置行半天，摆在阳光处时要加盖报纸以防日晒和雨淋，保持土壤湿润直至种子发芽为止。

4、每天捡出已出芽的种子（拱嘴露白），摆在另外的盆里，摆在室内阴凉的地方，控制芽的生长，当幼苗长到4～6片真叶时即可移栽。

二、盆栽：

1、选盆、用土：花盆的尺寸要大小适中。盆栽前要选好肥土，用疏松酸性土，掺以土杂肥，碱土、板结土不可用。土壤要通气性、排水性能好的。个人建议用育苗土混合通常土壤，按照1:5或者2:5的比例混合。或者直接用泥炭土，效果更好。

2、栽种：以一盆1株为好，但最好种两盆，以便授粉。如阳台种植，也可用大盆植2株。

3、浇水：盆栽葫芦非常容易干燥，在蔓刚开始蔓延时一日要浇一回水，在盛夏高温季节，一日要浇两回水。

4、施肥：待成活后,每隔10天左右施一次肥，可以施有机肥料,家庭可以采用复合肥，在幼苗期要以氮肥为主，花期以磷钾肥为主。

5、搭架：当幼苗长出卷须时，盆内均匀插入4根1m高的竹竿,在竹竿顶部以稍大于盆口的圆形竹竿固定，并在竹竿架子中间用绳子缠了两圈，帮助葫芦的卷须攀爬。

6、采收 ：8月上旬开始逐渐采收，当小葫芦果实木质化后就可以采收了。可以用指甲轻轻掐一下果皮，如果果皮较硬，掐不动则表示已经成熟。作为观赏用的小葫芦在采收后未变色，可用小竹片轻轻刮掉外果皮，刮均匀后摆在室内通风处晾干，这样干燥就快一些。也可以在未成熟时在果皮上用针刻上“恭喜发财”、“吉祥如意”之类的宇或者画上各种图画，在果实成熟后欣赏就更具特色了。

种植葫芦的注意事项：

葫芦花

葫芦的主要病害是白粉病，主要害虫是蚜虫，可用以下方法防治：

1、尽可能改善通风透光条件，合理施肥，增大磷钾肥用量，不偏施氮肥，注意清洁卫生，发现病株病叶及时剪除。

2、尽量不重复使用盆土。盆土最好用高温消毒，用具也晒一晒为好。

3、喷洒1∶1∶100的波尔多液保护，不使病害发生和发展。发病早期可喷50{bf}的多菌灵等抗菌剂。

专题： 葫芦 种植
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