蕹菜的种植方法：北方以旱栽为主，南方旱栽与水植并存

植物图片 2019-05-14 09:32

蕹菜，在广东地域俗称为空心菜。蕹菜中的叶绿素有“绿色精灵”雅称，有健美皮肤、洁齿防龋之功效。此外，它还具有清热解毒、通便防癌等作用，因此我们在餐桌上也能经常看到蕹菜的身影。那么蕹菜是如何种植的呢？请您带着疑问和我一起往下阅读吧！

蕹菜的种植方法

蕹菜的种植方法(基本知识)：

最好繁殖时间：蕹菜在四月份即可开始播种，霜降前一定要能收割；

最好生长土壤：蕹菜对土壤条件要求不严，宜选择地势低、土壤湿润而肥沃的粘壤土栽培；

生长湿度要求：蕹菜喜高温多湿环境；

最好生长气温：蕹菜生长适合气温为25～30℃，能耐35～40℃的高温，10℃以下生长停滞，霜冻后植株枯死；

最好生长光照：蕹菜喜阳光充分和长日照。

蕹菜的种植方法

养殖蕹菜的注意事项：

施撒肥料：

空心菜对肥水需求量很大，除施足基肥外，还要追肥。当秧苗长到5～7厘米时要浇水施肥，促进发苗，以后要经常浇水保持土壤湿润。每次采摘后都要追1～2次肥，迫肥时应先淡后浓，以氮肥为主，如尿素等。生长期间要及时中耕除草，封垄后可不必除草中耕。

浇水要点：

夏天气温高，植株生长快，需肥需水量大，要勤浇水，浇大水（空气干燥，土壤水分不足，易造成空心菜纤维增多，影响产量和品质），并结合浇水进行追肥。秋天气温转凉，要及时中耕除草和追肥，并注意防治红蜘蛛等害虫。空心菜采收期长，通常每次采收后，都要结合浇水亩施硫酸铵10公斤。

繁殖要点：

蕹菜的栽培方式分旱栽和水植两种，北方以旱栽为主，南方旱栽与水植并存；早熟栽培以旱栽为主，中、晚熟栽培多数采用水植。

播种、育苗：旱栽多用种子繁殖，露地直播、育苗移栽均可，播种期通常在4月中、下旬。露地直播可采用条播或点播，行距30～35厘米，穴距15～20厘米，每穴点播3～4粒种子，播种后随即浇水，7天左右即可出。

也可密播，待苗高17～20厘米时间拔采收。播种后覆盖塑料薄膜增温、保湿，待幼苗出土后再把薄膜撤除。另外，亦可在生长期间摘取15厘米左右的顶梢扦插繁殖，只要扦插田土壤湿度适合，插梢就会很快长出不定根，并抽出新梢。前期应及时中耕松土，提高地温。

北方通常采取直播方式：播前深翻土壤，亩施腐熟有机肥料2500～3000千克或人粪尿1500～2000千克、草木灰50～100千克，与土壤混匀后耙平整细。播种前首先对种子进行处理，即用50～60℃温水浸泡30分钟，然后用清水浸种20～24小时，捞起洗净后摆在25℃左右的气温下催芽，催芽期间要保持湿润，每天用清水冲洗种子1次，待种子破皮露白点后即可播种。亩用种量6～10千克。播种通常采用条播密植，行距33厘米，播种后覆土。也可以采用撒播或穴播。

病虫防治：

蕹菜有小菜蛾、红蜘蛛、蚜虫、卷叶虫等虫害，要及时防治。病害以白锈病损害为重，可喷1：1：200多尔波液防治，每次间隔10天为宜。

蕹菜的种植方法

养殖蕹菜水培和土培：

蕹菜水培：

1、平时的空心菜，吃不完的，或者摘空心菜时，留下的一大截枝子。注意留下来。只要没有发干，都可以用的。

2、准备好一个小桶，小盆之类的。只要是能盛水的容器都可以的。小雅用的是一个废弃的小桶。把空心菜枝子丢进去就可以了。不要让它漂浮在水面，稍微多放一些。

3、一个星期左右，摆在里面的枝子就会发芽的。另外，就是，家里有闲置的没有用的鱼缸，也可以用来种空心菜，其实就是水培空心菜。里面是水。没有土壤的。

4、注意的是，水培的时间通常是适合空心菜生长的时候，所以冬天它是长不了的。通常选择在春夏的时候。而且看到里面的水干了就要不断加水进去。

5、由于水里面没有什么营养。可以弄少量的营养土，或者自己制作的有机肥料料，水肥之类的。总之要有肥料才长的好。

6、要摆在阳光充分的地方，经常晒太阳，然后长出新的嫩叶的话，就可以摘下来吃掉，然后还会继续长的。能吃很多次。

蕹菜土培：

1、从市场上买来的空心菜就可以直接用于扦插，如果太长则截成15厘米左右的小段再进行扦插。自己种植的空心菜，在生长期间可以随时剪枝扦插。

2、通常2～3株一起插入土中，单株的话适度密植，如果旱栽要修剪掉一部分的叶子。插条至少有3节埋人土内，有2～3节露出土面即可，将土稍压实，每天浇水以保持土壤湿润，通常3～4天就可以成活。

3、通常在4～8月播种，发芽适温20～35℃，气温低时可用温水浸泡催芽。通常用撒播法，覆土1～2厘米，浇透水，约1周发芽，期间必须保持土壤湿润。

4、3～5片真叶时施稀薄的腐熟有机肥料1次，以氮肥为主。当有6片以上真叶时即可正常管理。

5、每采摘3～4次后要对植株进行1次重剪，只保留基部的1～2个节，并疏去一些过弱的侧枝。

 

水培蕹菜

专题： 蕹菜
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