六出花的栽培方法：喜光照充足、干燥的环境

植物图片 2019-11-15 23:08

六出花，又称水仙百合，由于其花朵像杜鹃又像水仙，茎和叶则像是百合花。六出花的花色丰富，花形奇异，绽放时更显典雅富丽，是新颖的切花材料。今天，小编就带您去认识一下六出花的种植方法吧~

六出花的种植方法

六出花的形态特征及品种：

六出花为多年生草本植物，根茎发达，为合轴根状茎，从根茎上抽生不分枝的地上茎，株高70厘米～150厘米，单叶互生，披针形至线形，几无叶柄。茎上部抽生花等和伞形花序，每花序6朵以上小花，花被6枚，内外花被各3，左右对称。花色随品种而异，有白、杏黄、粉红、桔红、紫红等色，内花被具褐色蝴蝶斑纹，六出花大约有50余种，但多数国艺品种均有Alstroemeriaaurantiaca、A.haemantha、A.lrgtu、A.pulchclla等4种杂交而成。园艺品种，依据其花色，大致分为白、黄、粉白、红和紫红色等5个系统。

六出花的生态习性：

六出花源产地于南美洲的智利、秘鲁、巴西、阿根廷等地，分布范围极广，其生育环境较复杂，既有丘陵、沙漠，又有山谷和森林，不同种之间差别较大，但最基本的都是性喜干燥、怕雨水过多和地下水位过高。土壤要求排水和通气性能良好，疏松而富含腐殖质，以PH6～PH6.5为宜。生育适温13C～21C，其中13C～15C根茎膨大最好，地温超过20C则生长不良，种子发芽适温为11C。播种前将种子置于26C～31C的高温条件下一个月，然后移至发芽的适温条件下，则更有助于发芽。对日照反应敏感，长日照能促进开花，增加开花数量，而短日照对开花起到抑制作用，源产地地5～6月开花。

六出花的种植方法

六出花的繁殖方法：

六出花常行播种繁殖，亦可用分根繁殖。

1、播种繁殖可行春播，但在暖地则以秋播为好。于8月下旬至9月中下旬进行，如8月下旬播种，则9月下旬以后即逐渐发芽。由于六出花为直根系，播种后根扎得很深，它又忌积水，为防止病害发生，播种育苗最好在营养砖上进行，通常直径为7.5厘米的营养砖播2～3粒种子。如受条件限制，也可在育苗箱内进行，待幼苗长到l～2枚真叶时再移至营养钵中。由于幼苗移栽在营养钵中要生长一年左右，营养钵应稍大一些，以直径15厘米～16厘米为宜，每钵栽一株。营养钵应尽量避免放置在积水和湿度过大的地方。肥料以施液肥为主，每2～3周追施一次。在气温管理上，冬天要注意保温，如达不到其生育所要求的气温，则应适度加温。春天气温升高后，要注意中午大棚内的空气流通，以防气温过高。

2、分根繁殖即是将肉质肥大的地下茎用刀切开即可，但每个切开的独立的根茎，需带一部分根颈。此方法主要用于某些不结种子品种的繁殖。

六出花的种植方法

六出花的栽培技术：

1、定植秋天播种的苗，到第二年9月下旬至10月即可定植。定植前需对土壤进行消毒和施足基肥。定植床的长宽应依据栽植条件来决定，通常床宽1.2米，通道50厘米～60厘米，双条移植，行距40厘米～50厘米，株距20厘米～30厘米。床面应高出通道，以保持排水良好，定植后第二年的4～6月开花。

2、气温和光照管理定植后的两个月气温要保持13C～15C，12月份以后，虽然在无加温的大棚内气温只要保持5C左右就可以越冬，但如果促成栽培，气温应保持到10C～12C，但也不宜过高，否则会降低花的产量。据试验，夜间气温控制在18C时，其花的产量、每新梢上的花朵数、新梢等级都要比夜间气温为13C的低。六出花是长日照植物，在适温条件下，长日照能促进开花，而短日照（日照在8小时以下）则抑制开花。据国外试验，气温在15C的条件下，每天的光照时间由10小时延长到24小时，其花莲、花序和花朵数都增加。日照在16～24小时条件下的产量最高，但品种间有差别，通常以日照16小时效果最好。

3、水肥及其他管理栽培六出花切忌过湿，水分管理总的原则是保持干燥，防止水分过多，灌水的次数应依据土壤状况而定。灌水也有降低地温的作用，在高温季节也可用灌水来适度降低地温，但其前提应是土壤必须透气性和排水良好。肥料以基肥为主，平时可追施淡薄液肥，每2～3周施一次。

六出花花茎较高，为防止植株倒伏，生长期间需立柱张网，2～3层，孔径20厘米左右，高度80厘米～100厘米。

六出花的种植方法

4、病虫害防治六出花的病虫害较少，尤其是致命的病虫害很少，主要病害有灰色霉病、根腐病、茎腐病，发病原因是湿度过高、土壤积水或过份干燥。只要注意农业措施的改良即可防止。虫害主要有蝗虫和蚜虫等，用常规方法防治即可。

5、采后管理适时采收，既可防止灰色霉病，又能提高鲜花品质，采收适期以花蕾着色以后，而尚未开放时为最好，通常都是在第一朵花开放时采收，但也不宜过早。采收可用剪刀将花茎剪下，也可从基部拔起。六出花开花可延续到6月前，以后地上部即枯死进人休眠状态，此时要停止灌水，保持干燥，待到休眠破除后，再进行正常管理，第二年即又能连续开花。也可在花后进入休眠状态时，将地下茎挖起，贮藏于15C的通风干燥处，待秋天再行种植。用种子繁殖其后代变异很大，对观赏价值不高的植株应在休眠前拔除。

专题： 六出花
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