人心果的种植方法和种植注意事项

植物图片 2019-10-28 09:51

人心果树四季常绿，树形优美，常用作行道树和绿化、观赏树种。人心果也是一种水果，味道甜美、芳香爽口，还可制成果酱、果干、果酒等。下面小编跟大家分享一下种植方法。

人心果树

人心果的种植方法

一、地栽

1、选址：人心果在适合区内，选向阳背北、土壤层深厚、不积水、冷空气少、避风地带的丘陵、山坡或平地建园。如作城镇行道树和城乡绿化树，则应植于寒害较轻的地方，乡村门前屋后也可种植。

2、时间：最适种植时间在4~5月。

3、种植：挖长宽深60cn×60cm×60cm种植穴，施足有机肥料，配以磷肥，株行距5cm×6cm,种后淋足定根水，适度覆盖稻草，保持土壤湿润，避免土壤板结。幼龄树可间种短期作物，以改良土壤。适时中耕除草，有条件的可扩穴压绿，促进根系生长。

4、管理：幼年树以营养生长主，每次抽梢前施速效肥，扩大树冠。结果树以有机肥料为主，采果后增施磷钾肥一次，春秋两季各追肥一次，提高果实品质。幼树应剪顶，促进侧枝生长。冬天结合清园，剪除病虫枝和枯枝。正常情况下，人心果疏果，如确实过多，可适度疏除，确保丰产稳产。

二、盆栽

1、选盆：人心果盆栽的用盆的规格以口径40cm~45cm，高25cm~30cm为宜，以后随植株逐年长大再采用更大的盆。

2、土壤：栽种盆内营养土多用鱼塘泥，将其充分晒干后打坏成大小适合的土粒。鱼塘泥的ph值在5.8~6.8之间，富含有机质，有较好的团粒结构，透性好，涵蓄水肥能力较强，几何形状保持时间长，湿水后不易变稀板结，故盆土不易积水、闷根。

3、上盆：栽植前先在盆底排水孔上垫碎瓦片，上面再铺一层炉渣，随后在盆内填入部分营养土，移苗上盆时，苗木要带泥球并移在盆中央，苗木土团放入后再在根四周填入营养土，估计根颈在盆沿下2~3cm以下时，往上轻提，使根、土密合，再用洒水壶浇定根水，直至水从底孔流出为止，最后在盆上再加营养土至树颈下。

4、摆放：盆栽的摆放要选在通风阳光充分的地方。摆放的密度适度宽广些，以方便管理，且要随植株长大而调整摆放的距离。

5、淋水：在高温夏天，盆土要保持湿润。为此，盆子要留足沿口，使水分充分浸透盆土，防止浇半透水。生长季节浇水在上午10时前或下午4时后进行，冬天或早春在午后气温较高时进行，以避免盆土气温的剧烈变化，影响植株的生长。为了盆土保湿，可在土壤的面上加干草或废旧遮荫网等作为覆盖；秋天空气干燥，可采用简易吊瓶供水的方式，最好滴灌，满意盆栽的水分的需要。

6、施肥：幼苗定植成活一个月后，开始追施稀薄人粪尿并施少量氮肥，浓度为0.3~0.5{bf}，以后每隔2~3个月追施1次氮钾为主的肥料，每次施用浓度不能超过0.5{bf}，否则盆栽出现肥害。进入结果期的成龄树，每季都要施肥1次，宜有机肥料为主，并增施磷钾肥，以提高果的品质。

7、翻盆：通常倒盆在秋后根系停止生长后和春芽萌动前进行。春秋天正常倒盆的方式是：先将盆栽人心果树从原盆中取出，剪除网状根垫，并将根部周围及底部土去除1/4~1/3左右，同时对地上部适度修剪，按上盆的方式重新栽植。如需转移较大的盆中，要保持根土不散，整坨放置新盆中心，然后从周围加营养土栽植。生长期倒盆，除注意伤根数量不可过多外，还应给予适度遮荫和喷水保叶，以防止萎蔫，甚至造成焦叶和落叶。

8、修剪: 幼树应剪顶，它在生长的过程中是会长出很多的开枝的，在适度的时候我们要把它的小枝剪掉，留大径。促进侧枝生长。

9、防病虫害：病虫害有叶斑病，可用甲级拖布津1000倍液喷洒；虫害有介壳虫，可用百分之四十氧化乐果乳油喷杀。果实需防果蝇为害。

人心果树结果了

人心果种植注意事项

1、人心果在11~31℃都可正常开花结果，幼果在–1℃受冻害，大树在–4.5℃易受冻害，–2.2℃受寒害，如作经济栽培，应在气温较高的地域发展。

2、人心果要求水分充分，年降雨量在1300mm以上，生长较好，根系深，很耐旱，较耐贫瘠和盐分，树高，叶子较大，枝条脆，易折。因此，不可在风口及风害严重处建园种植。

3、人心果大部分品种花雌雄异熟，因此自花不实。需要配置适度的授粉品种，才能提高坐果率和产量。心要时需要人工授粉，以便保花保果。因此，盆栽人心果时，应注重选配不同的品种盆栽，混合摆放，摆放距离不宜大远，这样轻易成功授粉，距离能方便人工操作为宜，并加强人工授粉。

4、人心果主要成熟期在6月中旬至7月初，应及时采收，确保产量和品质。果实采收经后熟3~7天即可食用。果实成熟最明显的特征是：采下的果蒂不流汁，用手轻按果实微软或树上的果实被小鸟啄食用。还可用下列方法别果实成熟度：果蒂乳汁减少或不流，用手轻擦果皮明显出现黄褐色，绿色则未熟；果柄易脱落，过熟的有酒味。成熟果实不耐贮运，若远运应提早采收，避免压伤、撞伤和机械伤，如能控温贮运，则可延长保鲜期，减少腐烂，或以2.4D铵盐溶液50×10ˉ~100×10ˉ喷洒,可促进快熟且成熟度一致,贮藏水分较少损失。

专题： 人心果
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