素心腊梅的资料

植物图片 2019-03-27 16:22

素心蜡梅为蜡梅中最名贵品种，晚秋观花蕾，冬天开金黄色花。花期为12-1月，有浓郁的芳香。素心腊梅花在霜雪寒天傲然开放，花黄似腊，浓香扑鼻，是冬天观赏主要花木。下面介绍素心蜡梅的资料。

素心腊梅的资料

素心蜡梅基本资料

形态特征

素心蜡梅，落叶丛生灌木。叶对生，椭圆状卵形至卵状披针形，花着生于第二年生枝条叶腋内，先花后叶，芳香，直径2~4厘米；花被片圆形、长圆形、倒卵形、椭圆形或匙形，无毛，花丝比花药长或等长，花药内弯，无毛，花柱长达子房3倍，基部被毛。果托近木质化，口部收缩，并具有钻状披针形的被毛附生物。

分布范围

素心腊梅喜生于山地林中。常野生于山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、福建、江西、湖南、湖北、河南、陕西、四川、贵州、云南等省；广西、广东等省区均有栽培。日本、朝鲜和欧洲、美洲均有引种栽培。

生长习性

素心蜡梅适应性强，喜湿润和阳光充分的环境。较耐寒，耐旱和耐半阴。常有"旱不死的素心蜡梅"之说，怕风、忌水湿，发枝力强，耐修剪。喜疏松、深厚、排水良好的中性或微酸性砂质壤土。最适生长气温10-15℃。冬天耐-15℃低温，但花期遇-10℃以下低温，开放的花朵就会受冻害。发枝力强，耐修剪。

素心腊梅的资料

主要价值

1、药用价值：

素心腊梅的药用范围很广。近代医学界研究表明，其花蕾能开胃散郁，生津化痰，活血解毒;根研末可治黄疸。果实的肉具敛肺涩肠，杀虫生津功能，并对大肠杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、绿脓杆菌、霍乱弧菌等均有明显的抑制作用。 　　

梅花主含挥发油，苯甲醛、异丁香油酚、苯甲酸。乌梅主含柠檬酸、谷甾醇，成熟后含氢氰酸。煎剂对金黄色葡萄球菌，大肠、伤寒、副伤寒、痢疾、结核等杆菌及皮肤真菌均有抑制作用。 　　

2、食用价值：

素心腊梅花味微甘、辛，性凉，有解暑生津，开胃散郁，解毒生肌，止咳的效果。主治暑热头晕、呕吐、热病烦渴、气郁胃闷、咳嗽等疾病。民间常用腊梅花煎水给婴儿饮服，有清热解毒的功。

3、经济价值：

梅花可提取芳香油，据清赵学敏《本草纲目拾遗》记载：“海澄人善蒸梅及蔷薇露，取之如烧酒法，每酒一壶滴露少许便芳香。”古人依据芳香油与水的沸点不同，利用分馏技术，将芳香油提取出来，用作食品的添加剂。

专题： 腊梅 素心腊梅
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