蒲公英的病害防治

植物图片 2021-05-14 14:28

蒲公英分布广泛，适应性强，生长量盛，繁殖快速，营养全面，药用多效，是得天独厚的“绿色食品”和“营养保健品”。本文主要讲解蒲公英的病害防治。

蒲公英常见病害

叶斑病

叶面初生针尖大小褪绿色至浅褐色小斑点，后扩展成圆形至椭圆形或不规则状，中心暗灰色至褐色，边缘有褐色线隆起，直径3-8毫米，个别病斑20毫米。

斑枯病

初于下部叶片上出现褐色小斑点，后扩展成黑褐色圆形或近圆形至不规则形斑，大小5-10毫米，外部有一不明显黄色晕圈。后期病斑边缘呈黑褐色。

锈病

主要危害叶片和茎。初在叶片上现前黄色小斑点，叶背对应处也生出小褪绿斑后产生稍隆起的疱状物，疱状物破裂后，散出大量黄褐色粉状物，叶片上病斑多时，叶缘上卷。

上述三种防治方法

注意田间卫生，结合采摘收集病残体携出田外烧毁；

清沟排水，避免偏施氮肥，适时喷施植宝素等，使植株健壮生长，增强抵抗力；

发病初期开始喷洒42％福星乳油8000倍液，或20.67％万兴乳油2000~30000倍液，或40％多硫悬浮剂500倍液，或50％扑海因可湿性粉剂1 500倍液，每10-15天1次，连续防治2-3次。采收前7天停止用药。

此外还有枯萎病

初发病时叶色变浅发黄，萎蔫下垂，茎基部也变成浅褐色。横剖茎基部可见维管束变为褐色，向上扩展枝条的维管束也逐渐变为淡褐色，乡下扩展致根部外皮坏死或变黑腐烂。有的茎基部裂开，湿度大时产生白霉。

防治方法

1，提倡施用酵素菌沤制的堆肥或腐熟有机肥；

2，加强田间管理，与其他作物轮作；

3，选种适宜本地的抗病品种；

4，选择宜排水的沙性土壤栽种；

5，合理灌溉，尽量避免田间过湿或雨后积水；

6，发病初期选用50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍液、或40％多硫悬浮剂600倍液、或50％琥胶肥酸铜可湿性粉剂400倍液、或30％碱式硫酸铜悬浮剂400倍液灌根，每株用药液0.4-0.5升，视病情连续灌2-3次。

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