花儿得病了咋办

植物图片 2021-05-05 16:34

不适应外部的环境条件，或者受到生物侵染，都能引起花卉病害。有些病害在适当的环境下，会迅速蔓延传染。这些病害都有哪些症状呢？

花儿为什么会发生病害？

引起花卉病害的原因大体上分为两大类：一类是不适应外部环境条件引起的，往往是由于栽种环境不良，如水分过多或不足，光照过强或过弱，温度过高或过低等，这类病害也叫生理病害。另一类是受到微生物侵染引起的，是由于真菌、细菌、病毒等侵害植物体，其中以真菌感染的病害最为常见。

花卉枝条纤细，节间较长是怎么回事？

是光照不足导致的，应增加日照时间。若阴雨时间过长，可人工为其增加光照时间，即用日光灯照射。

植株下部叶片卷曲，枝叶生长缓慢，叶片出现焦边是怎么回事？

是光照过多所致。应注意适当这样。家庭中的盆栽可将其移动达到阴棚下养护一段时间。

叶片萎缩，植株下部叶片脱落，是怎么回事？

是由于缺水所致。每次浇水要充足，不可浇半截水，要依照“不干不浇，浇则浇透”的原则。此现象多半是浇半截水造成的。

枝叶萎蔫，叶色变暗且逐渐霉烂是怎么回事？

是浇水过多所致。应控制浇水次数和浇水量。要及时检查盆地排水孔是否堵塞，保证其排水通畅。

什么是白粉病？

白粉病是病菌附生在花卉的芽蕾、嫩叶、嫩芽和花梗上引起的病害。发病初期常在受害部位出现褪绿斑点，以后逐渐变成白色的粉斑，后期逐渐变成灰色。被害叶片和梢卷曲萎缩、畸形，花蕾不能正常开放，病菌孢子能虽气流传播蔓延。昼夜温差在10℃时最易大面积发生，凤仙花、月季、瓜叶菊、梅花、倒挂金钟、大丽花常发生此病。

什么是炭疽病？

此病主要危害叶片，也可危害幼嫩茎梢、花蕾等部位。一种表现在叶片等处很脏处淡褐色或灰色而边缘呈紫褐色或暗褐色的圆形斑点，长出现在叶缘或叶尖上，有黑色的小点。即病菌分生的孢子盘，严重时可使打扮叶片枯黑而死亡。还有一种表现是茎上产生圆形或近圆形的病斑，呈淡褐色或灰白色，骑上生有许多的黑色小点。梅雨季节，仙人掌类植物最易感染。也常危害梅花、茶花、君子兰、八仙花、橡皮树、兰花、仙客来、万年青等花卉。

什么是黑锈病？

黑锈病的病因是病菌以孢子的形式侵染植物。开始得病时叶片正面出现苍白色的小斑点，逐渐膨大呈圆形凸起，背面表皮破裂生出橙黄色的粉末。严重时自下而上全株染病，叶片焦枯、脱落。常见的受害花卉有蔷薇、鸢尾、玫瑰等。

什么是幼苗立枯病？

此病是有丝核菌腐霉菌、镰刀菌引起的幼苗病害，表现症状为腐烂、猝倒、立枯等，以幼苗出土20天左右最易受害。常见的易受害花卉幼苗有海棠、百合、唐菖蒲、香石竹等。

什么是煤烟病？

煤烟病是由多种真菌引起的，多以介壳虫和蚜虫为传播介质。染病初期，叶表面出现暗褐色病斑，逐渐扩大形成黑色的煤烟状霉层，使植株不能进行光合作用，无法制造养分而枯萎死亡。

什么是根癌病？

此病病菌大多先侵染根须部分，使根部出现不规则的肿瘤，初期呈淡褐色，表面粗糙，柔软或呈海绵状，后期颜色逐渐变深，内部组织成为坚硬的瘤状物，严重时导致整株植株死亡。此病主要危害菊花、月季、梅花、石竹、秋海棠、樱花、大丽花、天竺葵。

什么是细菌性穿孔病？

此病发病初期，叶片上会出现淡褐色水渍状并把，周围有淡黄色的晕圈，随后病斑逐渐扩大，变为深褐色或紫褐色，病斑周围和组件木质化，引发穿孔。此病常发横在梅花、樱花、碧桃等叶片、枝梢上，有时发生在果实上。

真菌性病害该怎么防治？

在花卉生长期间，每隔一周喷一次代森锌，连续喷洒3~5次可有效预防。注意养花，使植株生长健壮，提高花卉的抗病能力。称帝清除枯叶落叶，及时剪除病枝、病芽等，集中销毁。发病初期喷洒50%多菌灵或托布津500~800倍液或75%百菌清溶液。

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