白兰病害防治方法：以防为主，以治为辅

植物图片 2019-04-24 09:26

白兰花源产地于印度尼西亚爪哇，现我国福建、广东、广西、云南等省区栽培极盛，长江流域各省区多盆栽，是我国著名的庭园观赏树种。下面我们一起看看它的病害防治技术。

白兰

白兰花病害防治

1、红蜡蚧

红蜡蚧的幼虫和成虫会刺吸白兰花卉汁液，然后其排泄物常诱导煤污病的发生，使叶子上形成一层黑霉或较厚的黑膜，严重时能使全株成为黑树，最后造成植株衰弱，很少开花或完全不能开花，破坏白兰的观赏价值。

防治方法：发生红蜡蚧虫害时可以在早春或者冬天结合修剪，剪去部分的有虫枝，如果被害的部位比较少或者比较矮，可在冬春天用竹片人工刮除。另外，可以用亚胺硫磷乳油、氧化乐果乳油等化学药剂每隔4-6天喷一次，连喷3次进行防治。

2、红蜘蛛

红蜘蛛以口器刺入叶子内吮吸汁液，使叶绿素受到破坏，叶子呈现灰黄点或斑块，叶子桔黄、脱落，甚至落光，严重时会使植株的片大面积枯萎，甚至死亡。

防治方法：如果不是特别严重可以用柑橘皮泡水一夜、洗衣粉加烧碱冲水、草木灰浸水2天等溶液对植株进行喷雾，驱赶红蜘蛛。如果病情比较严重就要购买一些专门杀叶螨（红蜘蛛是叶螨的一种）的药物如：螨危、三氯杀螨醇乳油等，进行喷雾防治。喷雾的时候一定要喷的全面，叶子的正反两面都要喷到。

红蜘蛛

3、炸蝉

炸蝉的幼虫在土中吸食花卉的根部汁液，成虫刺吸主叶汁液，雌虫将产卵器插在枝条上产卵，造成植株长势衰弱、枝条枯死。

防治方法：发现蚱蝉时要及时杀死刚出土的老熟幼虫，也可以在还未发生虫害时，在干基部附近地面喷残效期长的高浓度触杀剂，毒杀出土若虫。若发生较严重，可以诱捕成虫，利用其趋光性，在无月亮的黑天空地上燃簧火振树捕蝉。

4、吹绵蚧

吹绵蚧常群集在叶牙、嫩芽、新梢上危害，发生严重时，叶色发黄，造成落叶和枝梢枯萎，以致整枝、整株死去，即使尚存部分枝条，亦因其排泄物引起煤污病而一片灰黑，严重影响观赏价值。

防治方法：可以用手或镊子捏去雌虫和卵囊，或剪去多虫枝叶，也可以引放大红瓢虫、澳洲瓢虫等吹绵蚧的天敌捕食吹绵蚧。在药物防治上可以用氧化乐果，杀螟松等药剂，每隔2周喷1次，连喷3-4次。

吹绵蚧

5、炭疽病

炭疽病在发病时会在叶子上产生深褐色圆形或近圆形病斑，边缘略深，扩展后中央逐渐变为灰白色，大小2-8毫米，后期病斑上生出黑色小粒点，即病原菌的分生孢子盘。湿度大时病斑上溢有桔黄色粘质，即病菌的分生孢子团。多雨潮湿天气发病重。

防治方法：炭疽病的防治主要是靠药物防治，可在发病初期喷1:1:100倍的波尔多液或25{bf}炭特灵500倍液或70{bf}炭疽福美600倍液等化学药剂进行防治。另外，平时要加强对白兰的养护管理，减少炭疽病的发病几率。

6、黄化病

黄化病首先表现为嫩梢上幼叶失绿，然后由上向下，由叶缘向叶基扩展，叶缘失绿后，逐渐扩展到叶肉组织，使脉间组织褪绿，继续发展叶脉也失绿致使叶变为乳黄色至乳白色。严重时，叶缘焦枯，乃至全叶干枯，脱落。若1年生幼苗发病，其高度会比正常株矮，3-4年生的幼树发病则全部黄化，比通常健康矮30厘米左右。黄化病会造成植株生长缓慢，节间缩短并出现枯梢等症。

防治方法：黄话病主要是由于植株缺铁而已起的一系列病症，防治时可在苗木基部皮层下埋入绿豆大小的硫酸亚铁，然后用塑料薄膜包扎，以利于伤口的愈合，也可以开沟施入硫酸亚铁，并加入腐熟的饼肥，用土覆盖，并选一个晴天早晨日出前或下午4时后向叶面喷施0.5{bf}的硫酸亚铁水溶液或黄叶速绿植物抗病毒复合营养剂500倍液，隔7-10天左右。

白兰花的病害主要有以上这几种，如果家里养的植物比较多，而且比较常发生虫害，可以在在野外捉几只瓢虫回来，这样可以减少很大一部分的螨类虫害发生。

瓢虫

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