怎样修剪才能使盆栽桂花树冠丰满

植物图片 2019-08-23 09:21

桂花树 盆栽

修剪盆栽桂花树使其冠丰满的方式

桂花枝条发芽率低，1个枝条只萌发1个顶芽，很少萌发两个以上枝条的，而周围的许多腋芽则潜伏不动，呈单枝延伸生长状态。幼枝的单枝延伸，迫使枝条徒长，短的20厘米，长的50厘米以上。 1株幼枝经2―3年即可高达60―70厘米，旺树可达1米以上，然而枝条却只寥寥几根。不但影响造型，也延误了开花时间。

如采取重剪，将枝条缩短到基部，能迫使潜伏芽萌发，可以多形成几根枝条，但其后新枝再萌发时，还是以单芽形式延伸，原有形态仍改变不了多少。兹介绍逼芽整枝法，可使盆栽桂花幼树树冠丰满。具体作法如下：

（1）掰枝逼芽。当春天抽发的嫩枝多数封顶停止生长时，将所有新枝全部由基部掰掉。如系3年以上的树苗．有时为了保持树冠均衡，也可在枝条偏缺部位留1―2个新梢不去，但切不可多留，否则影响逼芽效果。由于树枝顶端生长优势被破坏，迫使营养生长点重新分配。在初春抽枝的同时，也是根部猛长阶段，却突然掰去了所有新梢，打破了根须与枝条的生长平衡，促进枝条周围的腋芽迅速萌动，经10天左右便一齐萌发出来，比原来掰掉的新枝要多3―5倍，或更多一些。由于新逼出的枝条成倍增多，养分分散，因此，新枝短而紧凑，有助于及早成型和进入花期。

（2）配合上述措施在掰芽的同时，调整枝条的角度，使树冠开展，减缓顶端优势，可多发芽，又能为更多的萌发枝条留出空间，增强光合作用，有助于树冠扩大。

（3）发芽初期，对过强、过弱、过密的幼芽要适度摘除，以保障新枝生长匀称。

（4）发芽期间只能施一点极稀的液肥，甚至不施肥，否则新芽严重脱落，前功尽弃。当新枝叶子基本展开，枝条封顶停长时，适量追肥，逐渐加大追肥量就安全无事了。这种逼芽整形法，一直可进行到初花阶段。如果枝量过少，抽枝过长，在任何阶段都可运用此法。当然也要配适合当的水、肥、光照等养护措施，才能早日使树冠丰满成型。

专题： 盆栽 桂花树 桂花
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