桂花树的栽培技术和栽植后管理

植物图片 2019-08-25 11:00

桂花是中国传统十大名花之一，其香清可绝尘，浓能远溢，堪称一绝。尤其是中秋时节，丛桂怒放，陈香扑鼻，令人神清气爽。在中国古代的咏花诗词中，咏桂之作的数量也颇为可观。自古就深受中国人的喜爱，被视为传统名花。小编为大家带来一篇栽培桂花的文章，有兴趣的朋友不要错过哦。

桂花树

生长习性

桂花喜欢阳光、好温暖、耐高温、不耐寒。6-8月是桂花花芽分化形成时期，充分的阳光能促进孕蕾及提高开花率。若冬天七万低于4度，光照不足，容易造成早春落叶，而影响来年的开花。另外，桂花喜欢洁净的环境，怕氯气，若果让它生长在空气污染的地方，会造成生长不良，叶子变小，开花少，甚至不开花，所以在桂花的生长期中，应栽植在背风向阳的环境中。

品种选择

桂花品种颇多，开花时间也不尽相同，有些品种从育苗到开花需要较长的营养生长期，需要好几年才开花，所以要尽量采用株矮秀壮的早花种植。如月桂，四季桂等。

营养土

桂花喜于腐殖质丰富的微酸性土壤中生长，不能用碱性土或粘重的土壤种植。营养土可用腐殖土、砂土和腐熟的厩肥干末加入少量的鱼鳞，骨粉等或用山泥，腐叶土，砂土混合调制后施用。可以每隔半个月左右用适度浓度的硫酸亚铁溶液喷施一次，这样可以中和水质的碱性，使其枝叶浓绿，亦有助于生长。

桂花

栽培

1、露地栽培

通常南方都是露地栽培桂花的，多在早春进行。栽植地点要选择阳光充分，排水良好，土壤层深厚的地方。栽前先挖个大穴，多施有机肥料料，同时增施一些草木灰，苗木需带土索移植，以利成活，栽后充分灌水，需灌透。

2、盆栽

盆栽桂花通常是在北方使用，也可以在春天进行栽培，但是要求比较温暖的气候，不然幼苗不容易存活。栽后要浇水，浇透，但不能让盆内积水，以免烂根。

桂花盆栽

栽植后管理

1、浇水

露地栽培的桂花浇水不要太频繁，要让桂花扎深根，除非特别干旱缺水，不然不浇。盆栽桂花浇水，需看当时的天气与植株的生长情况而定。通常夏天高温，植物蒸腾作用大，需水量会比较高，这时要增加浇水的频率。在花芽期要保持盆土湿润，否则桂花容易不开花。入冬前要浇一次透水，且浇水的气温应与室温相同，也不能太频繁。气温低时要移进室内，以防植株冻伤。

2、追肥

桂花对肥料的需求量比较大，要常施肥，遵循“薄肥勤施”的原则。在桂花的花芽期要适度增加肥料，为桂花的花芽分化提供足够的养分，这样桂花才能多开花。如果施肥不足，容易造成枝少、开花少、且不香。

3、整枝修型

想要让桂花开花香且多，适度的修剪就必不可少。桂花的根系很发达，萌发能力强，适度的修剪可以使桂花的生长和营养生长平衡。中秋后，将夏，秋天生出的徒长枝全部剪去，留下健壮的春生枝条，到明春发芽之前，再将细弱枝，密生枝，病虫枝等剪去。这样，既有助于通风透光，又能将养分完全集中到春生枝与花芽之上，为秋天开花创造了良好的先决条件，可以收到“一举数得”之效了。

4、病虫防治

桂花常易发生炭疽病、褐斑病、灰色膏药病、枯斑病、藻斑病、煤烟病和黑刺粉虱、介壳虫、蓑蛾、刺蛾、蚱蝉、桂花叶蝉等病虫为害。通常市面上都会有出售针对这些病害的药物，发现时只需要按说明适量喷施就可以杜绝病害。

5、光照

室内盆栽的桂花一定要注意光照，桂花开花的多少与香气浓度和光照有直接的关系，光照不足的桂花会出现开花少、甚至不开花的情况。

桂花树

专题： 桂花树 桂花
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