盆栽杜鹃花的养殖方法和注意事项

植物图片 2020-03-21 18:17

杜鹃花属中性花卉，喜温暖、半阴、凉爽、通风、湿润的环境。杜鹃花盆栽可摆摆在门前、院内、客厅或办公室，这样不仅美化了环境，还愉悦了人们的心情。

杜鹃花的种植方法

1、育苗

可以用扦插、嫁接、压条、分株、播种五种方法，其中以采用扦插法最为普遍，杜鹃花繁殖方法主要是扦插。在芒种前后采用新枝，长5厘米至10厘米，在分叉点上剪下，剥去下部叶子，留顶叶3片至4片，将枝条的1/3插入土中，喷足水，盖上塑料薄膜，平时要加强管理，一年后移栽。

2、环境条件

栽培杜鹃花最好具有室内和室处两种环境。室内环境是在冬天使用。室外场地，夏秋使用，以泥地为好，忌水泥地。场地要宽敞，通风和荫凉，上面要搭建荫棚，遮以芦帘或借用天然林荫的蔽护，透光率 30{bf} 左右为宜，切忌夕晒。

3、盆土要求

杜鹃花性喜疏松、通透性强、排水良好、富含腐殖质的酸性土壤， PH 值为5.0— 6.0。如用粘土或碱性土，百难活一。特别是夏鹃和洋鹃，非山土不可。山土还要加以改造，目前通常采用3种配制的营养土。

4、花盆选择

栽培杜鹃花的花盆，通常采用泥盆和紫砂盆二种。泥盆通气透水性好，生产单位栽培都用此盆。成型的杜鹃花，特别已造型的杜鹃花，为供室内外陈设，通常栽于漂亮古雅的紫砂盆中，紫砂盆质地细腻，色采丰富、造型漂亮，可增倍观赏价值。

5、移植上盆

应注意做好排水层，先用瓦片盖住排水孔，再放入1／3的粗土粒，并略加细土。然后将杜鹃苗放入，一手扶正幼苗，一手向盆中填土。填土注意只能填至盆口下2厘米处，不能过满，以便日后浇水，最后将盆四周批实，摇动花盆，使盆面平整。

6、浇水要求

浇杜鹃花最好使用雨水，其次用河水、池塘水。如用自来水，宜把水存放1— 2天，让氯气挥发掉再使用。用时加0.2{bf} 硫酸亚铁，生长季节每7—10天浇1次，经常使用，确保土壤呈酸性。

7、肥水管理

杜鹃花性喜阴湿，不宜过干。开花期间尤需更多水分。冬天杜鹃花已进入休眠期，需水量不多，通常每隔4— 5天浇水1次，宜在晴暖天中午前后进行。

8、室外遮荫

在出房前到开化前宜多见阳光；开花期间，中午要进行短时间遮荫，透光率60{bf} 。

9、整形修剪

杜鹃花生长较缓慢，通常任其自然生长，只在花后进行整形，剪去徒长枝、病弱枝、畸形枝、损伤枝。

10、翻盆换土

不用年年进行，通常2年至3年一次，尽量少损伤根须，时间应在花谢后或秋天，同时喷洒托布津，以预防病害。

注意事项

1、杜鹃花的根须像头发丝一样细，粗的主根很少，它既怕干又怕湿，尤其是怕重肥。如果浇水过多，根就泡在水中，过干，枝叶萎缩，叶瓣脱落，对植株威胁很大，至于浇了重肥，则会危及生命。

2、花谢后，必须剪去残花，避免结实消耗营养，新枝萌发后，适度疏枝，依据植株长势而定去留。

3、杜鹃花最适合种在泥质盆里，由于泥盆吸水透气，有助于根系生长发育，枝叶繁茂。

4、盆栽杜鹃花放置地点有讲究，通常应摆在东南方向阳台，而且要通风，尽量少移动。不通风则易患黑斑病，大批落叶。

5、杜鹃花对光照要求也应适度，夏天避免直射光。

6、及时疏蕾疏叶，把长得过多过密的花蕾和叶子去掉一部分，使其空气流通，养分集中到花蕾。在花蕾形成后，要加重营养，适量多施点磷钾肥，否则花蕾会转化为叶苞。

7、杜鹃花的虫害主要是红蜘蛛、蚜虫等，可用杀灭菊酯等喷杀，效果较好，如三天后不死，再喷一次。

专题： 盆栽 注意事项 养殖方法 杜鹃花
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