凤仙花的栽培方法：种植步骤和养护方法

植物图片 2019-08-16 09:35

凤仙花如鹤顶、似彩凤，姿态优美，妩媚悦人，常被人们栽培种植作为观赏。下面我们来了解下凤仙花的种植方法。

庭院的凤仙花

凤仙花的种植方法

一、地栽：

1、选地与整地：以阳光充分、土质湿润、肥沃、疏松及排水良好的土壤为宜。施基肥、整地做畦，南方做高畦，北方做平畦，畦宽1.2m。

2、播种时间：凤仙花于3-4月间播种，南方可直接播于露地苗床，北方可在温室或间床中播种，移植一次，5月末可定植。凤仙花属春播草花，若在7月中下旬播种，可供国庆节观赏。

3、播种方法：在行距35cm，开lcm的浅沟，将种子均匀撒入沟内，覆土后稍加镇压，随后浇水。播后保持土壤湿润，气温25℃左右时约5天开始出苗。每667平方米用种量500g。

4、移栽定植：移植前浇足水分，然后带土坨移植，移植时栽植深度以原深度或稍深一点为宜。待到苗高5～10cm时移栽定植，将细小、纤弱、过密的苗间去，并按20cm株距定苗。合理密植，可以优质高产。

二、盆栽：

1、选盆：选取用盆的规格以口径30cm~50cm，高35cm~55cm，盆底应垫铺碎瓦片，以利排水。

2、上盆：苗长至7~8厘米高时可上盆。盆土用1份园土、1份沙土、0.5份腐叶土或腐熟谷壳、0.5份基肥混均配制，并在盆底垫铺碎瓦片，以利排水。上盆后浇水后摆在通风蔽荫处，3~5天后移至通风阳光充分处即可。

三、养护技巧

1、光照与气温：喜光，也耐阴，每天要接受至少4小时的散射日光。夏天要进行遮荫，防止气温过高和烈日暴晒。适合生长气温16-26℃，花期环境气温应控制在10℃以上。冬天要入温室，防止寒冻。

2、浇水与施肥：定植后应及时灌水。生长期要注意浇水，经常保持盆土湿润，特别是夏天要多浇水，但不能积水和土壤长期过湿。如果雨水较多应注意排水防涝，否则根、茎容易腐烂。定植后施肥要勤，特别注意不可忽干忽湿。夏天切忌在烈日下给萎蔫的植株浇水。特别是开花期，不能受旱，否则易落花。

3、修剪：定植后，对植株主茎要进行打顶，增强其分枝能力；基部开花随时摘去，这样会促进各枝顶部陆续开花。

4、防病虫害：常见有白粉病；危害植株叶子、花、果等器官，病部无明显病斑，但如覆白粉，后生小黑点。防治方法：发病初期喷洒70 {bf}甲基托布津1000倍液或50{bf}多菌灵1000倍液处理。

5、管理：为了防止杂草夺取水分，应适时进行松土除草，在干旱时应及时进行浇水。凤仙花在苗高30-40厘米时，应将茎下部的老叶及时摘除，摘去顶尖，可以使其多分枝。凤仙花每亩施用饼肥40kg，将肥料洒于沟内，并及时浇水，利于凤仙花开花。

盆栽的凤仙花

凤仙花的注意事项

注意通风，如果通风不良，易使凤仙花颈部腐烂。注意高温与光照，如果气温过高和光照过强，会使叶子灼伤，故要采取遮阴通风、喷水等降温措施。冬天宜摆在保温阳光处，不能过阴(室温保持在13度以上)。生长期间应见干见湿，保持盆土湿润；但盆内不能积水，否则易烂根烂茎，最后造成死亡。盛夏空气干燥，要及时浇水；但不能过湿，同时应经常向叶面、盆四周喷水，以增加空气湿度，注意通风，改善生长环境，使凤仙花叶绿花艳。秋天应逐渐减少浇水，冬天要保持盆土略湿。

专题： 凤仙花
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