凤仙花的养殖方法和五大养护心得

植物图片 2019-08-16 09:35

凤仙花属一年生草本花卉，因其花头、翅、尾、足俱翘然如凤状，故又名金凤花。那么凤仙花是如何养殖的呢？养殖中又有什么好的方式呢？养殖凤仙花又必须留意什么事情的呢？请您带着疑问和我一起往下阅读吧！

翘然如凤状的紫色凤仙花

凤仙花的种植方法(基本知识)：

最好繁殖时间：凤仙花播种期3～4月和9～10月份。以4月播种最为适合，移栽不择时间。

最好生长土壤：凤仙花应选择疏松、肥沃、深厚、通透良好的土壤，忌积水、久湿和通风不良的营养土。

生长湿度要求：凤仙花需相对湿度中等，50{bf}～60{bf}，需经常保持盆土湿润。

最好生长气温：凤仙花最适佳生长气温为16～26℃。

最好生长光照：凤仙花喜光，也耐阴，每天接受至少4小时的散色日光。

红色的凤仙花

养殖凤仙花的注意事项：

施撒肥料：

1、凤仙花苗高30～40㎝时，可把茎下部的老叶去掉，摘去顶尖，促其多分枝。此时，每667平方米施饼肥40㎏，可顺行开沟，把肥料撒入沟内，覆土，浇水。

2、凤仙花出苗一周以后，长出第一对真叶（4月播种、发芽）。播种10天后开始施液肥，以每隔一周施一次。

浇水要点：

1、凤仙花重视水分管理，宜早晨浇透水，晚上若盆土发干，再适量补充水，并适度给予叶面和环境喷水，忌过干和过湿。

2、播种前，应将苗床浇透水，使其保持湿润， 凤仙花的种子比较小，播下后不能立即浇水，以免把种子冲掉。

3、生长季节每天应浇水一次，炎热的夏天每天应浇水2次，雨天注意排水，总之不要使盆土干燥或积水。

修剪要领：

1、未开花的凤仙花幼苗要摘心一次。促进多分枝，使植株矮壮、枝叶茂密、紧凑、整齐。

2、凤仙花幼苗期除摘心外，植株矮壮后也应该及时修剪，使株型茂密、整齐、紧凑、浑圆集中，可形成繁花似锦，绿叶如茵，提高全面观赏效果。

3、凤仙花定植后，对植株主茎要进行打顶，增强其分枝能力，基部开花随时摘去，这样会促进各枝顶部陆续开花。

盆土更换：

1、凤仙花盆栽时，当幼苗长出3～4片叶后，即可移栽。先用小口径盆，逐渐换入较大的盆内，最后定植在20厘米口径的大盆内。

2、可在小园地栽培多株凤仙花，等待凤仙花娇叶翠后移植1株-2株在紫砂盆中，浇足定根水，放置荫蔽、凉爽地方养护，常喷叶面水，待生长正常后可摆放室内几架之上观赏等待颜老色衰，脱盆重新种植在小园地，并从园中移植新的植株于盆中养护，这样周而复始可供长期放置室内观赏。

繁殖要点：凤仙花采取种子繁殖。

1、时间：种子细小，寿命较长，在室温下贮藏3年其发芽率仍达79.7{bf}。直播，南方3月份，北方4月份。

2、方法：种子撒播在营养土上，轻加覆土约0.3公分，5～6天后发芽，真叶3～4片即可定植于花盆或花坛，株距30公分。

3、大量播种：行距35㎝，开1㎝的浅沟，将种子均匀撒入沟内，覆土后稍加镇压，随后浇水。播后保持土壤湿润，气温25℃左右时约5天开始出苗。每667平方米用种量0.5㎏。

病虫防治：凤仙花通常很少有病虫害。

1、如果气温高、湿度大，出现白粉病，可用50{bf}硫菌灵可湿性粉800倍液喷洒防治。

2、如发生叶斑病，可用 50{bf}多菌灵可湿性粉500倍液防治。

3、凤仙花主要虫害是红天蛾，其幼虫会啃食凤仙叶子。如发现有此虫害，可人工捕捉灭除。

白色的凤仙花

 

养殖凤仙花的心得：

1、春天是凤仙花播种好时节，土壤应选择疏松、肥沃、深厚、通透良好的土壤，忌积水、久湿和通风不良的营养土。

2、凤仙花对夏天高温和土壤干燥、空气湿度过低等不良环境，也会产生比较大的负面反应，甚至会出现叶子卷缩、枯尖、落叶以至植株死亡。

3、凤仙花开花（5月花期需要对凤仙花进行摘心、追肥、防涝。到了6～8月要进行病虫防治。）花期可采用摘心的方式，同时摘除早开的花朵及花蕾，使植株不断扩大，生长更多的花蕾。

4、花开后剪去花蒂，不使其结籽，则花开得更加繁盛；基部开花随时摘去，这样会促进各枝顶部陆续开花，但容易变异。

5、花期控制：如果要使凤仙花的花期推迟，可在7月初播种。也可采用摘心的方式，同时摘除早开的花朵及花蕾，使植株不断扩大，每15～20天追肥1次。9月以后形成更多的花蕾，使它们在国庆节开花。

凤仙花与凤仙花果

专题： 凤仙花
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