空气凤梨是什么?空气凤梨包含近550个品种及103个变种

植物图片 2019-05-06 09:33

今天给大家介绍一种比较有趣的植物,这种植物不用长在土壤里就能够用养活,而且如果你把它养在土里或者水里它还会死亡,下面我们一去去看看这种有趣的植物。

空气凤梨

空气凤梨

空气凤梨英文名为Air plant,包含近550个品种及103个变种,因此成为凤梨科家族中最多样的一群,是一种附生的属。这是地球上唯一完全生于空气中的植物,不用泥土,也不必种植在水中,是一种只要喷水就可以生长茂盛,并能绽放出鲜艳的花朵的特殊植物,不过成长相当缓慢。它们品种繁多,形态各异,既能赏叶,又可观花,具有装饰效果好、适应性强等优点。

空气凤梨

空气凤梨怎么生存

空气凤梨耐干旱及强光,其根系很不发达,有些品种甚至没有根,就算有根,那也只是起到固定植株的作用,而不能吸收水分和养分。那么空气凤梨是怎么吸收水分的呢?

其实,空气凤梨的叶面上有许多白色小鳞片,这些鳞片多呈盾形凹陷,空气中水分或雨水会被凹陷处的气孔截获,经薄壁细胞的空隙渗透到植株体内。通常这些鳞片中的气孔在气温较高,空气相对干燥的白天处于半闭合状态,以减少水分蒸发;等到气温降低,空气湿度增大的夜晚则完全打开,吸收空气中的水分。这样,空气凤梨就有了供自身生长发育所需要的水分了。

空气凤梨

不同环境下的凤梨

空气凤梨大部分的品种都生长在干燥的环境,小部分则喜潮湿环境。生长在雨林气候或其它较有湿汽、林荫地域的品种的叶子具有宽阔、青绿的特征,开出的花朵较大,但花朵色彩较单调。它们以附生的方式栖息于另一种植物或树干上,时间久了,还会逐渐长出根来,借以固定植株本身,可由种子或侧芽繁殖下一代。

干燥地域的品种其植株通常比较小,具针叶或硬叶,通常一整丛群聚而生,借以减少水分蒸发。它们依靠叶子表面大量的绒毛体吸收雨水、露水、雾气及养份,由于它们都是由叶面吸取空气中的水份生存,其身体做出许多改变,包括贮水组织,复杂的吸水毛,减少叶数、根部退化,身体缩小,增加种子数量等。大多数较高级的空气凤梨看上去是灰白色,是由于叶面布满绒毛体所致,作用是为了反射光线、避免灼伤及预防水分蒸发。越是暴露于日光下的,其绒毛也越密集。

空气凤梨

空气凤梨的分布

空气凤梨的大部分品种源产地于中、南美洲的热带或亚热带地域,生长在平地或海拔1000-3000米的高山区,这里干旱少雨,阳光强烈,气温变化很大,但终年都有雾气的滋润。正是这些独特的生态环境使空气凤梨有着与众不同的习性。

空气凤梨

空气凤梨的栽培容器

虽然空气凤梨不用土壤,但是在栽培的时候也要将它们固定住。空气凤梨的栽培容器主要有贝壳,石头,枯木,树蕨板,藤篮等,固定可以用铁丝,绳索绑扎,也可以用万能胶、热溶胶将其粘贴在容器上,或是用吊挂方式来栽培,用铜丝或绳索将其绑扎后吊在空中。不过要注意不要用铜或者吕制的容器来栽培空气凤梨,不然会慢慢的把空气凤梨“毒死”的。

空气凤梨

空气凤梨的养护

1、气温

空气凤梨的生长最好气温为15℃~25℃,通常生长气温为摄氏5℃~35℃。如果气温高于25℃应加强通风和提高相对湿度,不至因太热而造成生长停滞。空气凤梨冬天能耐5℃左右的低温,某些品种能耐0℃的低温,但大多数品种低于5℃则会冻伤,低于0℃植株就会死亡。

空气凤梨

2、水分

空气凤梨所谓免浇水是在空气湿度比较高的时候。如果空气比较干燥还是要像空气凤梨的叶面喷水,使其正常生长的。建议采用市面喷雾式喷水壶,以雾水均匀喷于叶面。方法是在干燥季节每天隔2-3天喷水一次,潮湿季节每2-3周喷水一次。对于一些喜欢潮湿环境的空气凤梨则可以多喷几次。注意喷水时喷至叶面全部微微湿润即可,不要让植株中心积水,以免造成“烂心”。

空气凤梨

3、施肥

在野生环境下,空气凤梨附生的地方经常聚集腐殖质,能够提供生长所需要的养分让其吸收。在人工环境栽植环境下,只有依靠施肥来补充养分让其吸收,可在生长旺盛时每20~30天喷施一次花宝、磷酸二氢钾加少量的尿素或其它氮肥的2000倍稀释液,冬天和花期停止喷施。

有的花友总结出了用啤酒养护空气凤梨的做法,可使空气凤梨保持活力,鲜艳夺目。具体做法是,每三至四周用清水(蒸馏水更好)与啤酒混和喷于空气凤梨叶面,比例为50:1,或将整棵空气凤梨放进已稀释了清水的啤酒中浸泡数分钟后从水中取出再倒转吊干。这种方法可将空气凤梨身上的尘埃洗涤干净,有利其呼吸和吸收养分,而且啤酒含有的营养成分对空气凤梨的生长也非常有益。

空气凤梨

空气凤梨的注意事项

不要把它放缸里种,空气凤梨需要很大的空气流通量,闷缸里会坏,天气太干的话只要把植物放水里泡一个小时左右,然后甩掉叶子上的水就可以,还有就是叶子上湿的时候千万不要晒太阳,叶子会晒坏的。所有的空气凤梨都比较耐干旱,几天不给水绝对不会有问题。

不知道大家有没有把仙人掌养死的朋友,如果有,那就给他送一盆空气凤梨吧。如果那货能把空气凤梨养死,那么就建议他不要养花了吧~~~

空气凤梨

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