海棠有哪些种类：盘点五大海棠种类

植物图片 2019-08-23 13:36

美丽的海棠

海棠为蔷薇科落叶花木，有乔木，也有灌木。叶长椭圆形，先端渐尖，基部楔形，长5~11厘米，宽2~4厘米，叶柄长2~5厘米，叶缘有平钝锯齿。早春开花，娇艳多姿。可分5类：

（1）海棠乔木，高5~6米，为观花及产果两用花木，树势挺拔丰茂。幼枝疏生绒毛。花多单瓣或半重瓣，初放时红色，后转淡白色。变种有开粉红花的红果海棠与开淡白花的白果海棠。

（2）垂丝海棠 高3~4米的小乔木，也有丛生的。花叶同发，花梗细长。花初开向上，后则下垂。花瓣丛密而娇艳，花色如胭脂而稍带粉白，较西府海棠略胜一筹。

（3）西府海棠高3~4米的小乔木，枝密挺直，树形峭立。叶、花均较海棠稍大，着花亦多，但结果率极差。花蕾嫩红，娇滴可爱，及至绽放颜色变白。

（4）木瓜海棠高5~6米的大型灌木。老树株有树皮剥落特征。花单生粉红色，先叶开放。果卵形径约10厘米，成熟时，色泽金黄，颇具幽香，除置室内闻香观赏外，亦为中药材。

（5）贴梗海棠2米高的小灌木，有高不及1米者。分枝开展，小枝有刺，托叶较大。花单生或数朵丛生，花色有猩红、白、粉、洒金等。花柄极短，花儿贴近枝梗，而得名。花未开时，略向下，形大，作磬口状。开花早而艳，不及西府海棠之动人。可供观赏，宜作盆栽。

海棠类花木均为阳性树，喜充分阳光，不耐阴蔽，喜湿润，怕积水。能耐暑热和严寒，适阳台盆栽生长。对土壤适应性强。但以深厚肥沃的黏壤土生长最好。性喜肥，尤以秋后基肥可促春花繁茂。如无结果需要，可于花后修剪，将长枝条剪短，使多萌新枝，疏剪内膛枝，使通风透光，注意外向枝的保留和培养，以达到株形开展，姿态漂亮，生长健壮。如发现有赤星病，应将落叶烧毁。3月间，叶初发幼嫩，可喷淡波尔多液；至6月，用浓波尔多液喷12次，即可防治。

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