兰花有哪些种类

植物图片 2019-09-05 10:13

兰花在植物分类学上属于兰科植物，是单子叶植物中的一个科，为多年生草本植物。全世界估计有兰科植物700个属，2万余原生种。人工杂交种也已达4万种以上。我们常说的国兰和洋兰是兰花这个大家族中的一些种类。

兰花主要产于亚热带、热带林区。按照生长方式分，兰花通常可以分为附生兰、地生兰和腐生兰3大类。

附生兰

附生兰大都生长在树干上，也有的生长在岩石或悬崖上。它们不从树木身上吸收养分，丽是取自雨水和露水中含的无机盐和水分。雨林中各种动植物的残落物，飘落到兰花根系周围，都会成为它的营养。常见栽培种类有卡特兰、万带兰、蝴蝶兰、石斛、虎头兰等。

地生兰

地生兰几乎包括了源产地于温带地域的所有种类。它们像通常常见的草本花卉一样，生长在土壤中，从土壤中吸收水分和无机盐养料。常见栽培的地生兰有春兰、蕙兰、建兰、寒兰、墨兰、多数的兜兰和虾脊兰等。

腐生兰--天麻

腐生兰指生活在已死亡而且腐烂的有机体上的兰花。种类比较多，我国著名的中药天麻即是腐生兰中的1个种。

另外，有些种类的兰花，能适应附生和地生两种不同的生活方式，因此，附生和地生不是绝对的。

中国兰和洋兰是人们对中国传统培育的兰花品种和国外近200年来培育的兰花新品种的习惯叫法，实际上不论是国兰还是洋兰，都既有地生兰又有附生兰。中国兰如春兰、蕙兰、建兰、墨兰和寒兰等。常见的洋兰有蝴蝶兰、大花蕙兰、舞女兰、卡特兰、兜兰、石斛兰、万带兰、虎头兰等。

专题： 兰花
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