茶花如何嫁接？茶花的嫁接方法步骤详解

植物图片 2019-10-18 13:47

茶花植株形姿优美，叶子浓绿绿而光泽，花形艳丽而缤纷，是我国传统的珍贵观赏花卉之一。但你是否想过茶花的株形之优美，花色之多，其实都是嫁接的成果。茶花的嫁接也并不是什么难事，只要遵循以下的操作要领，嫁接就会简单很多了~

茶花

茶花如何嫁接

一、茶花的嫁接时间：

为提高嫁接成活率，必须在砧木水分、养分吸收旺盛的时期，通常在5~9月均可嫁接。据试验，以6~7月为最好嫁接时间。这时候气温适合，当年山茶花接穗已木质化，移栽的砧木苗已成活，嫁接成活率可高达90{bf}以上。

二、茶花的嫁接方法：

1、撕皮嵌接法：此法适合夏秋天节砧木能剥皮时使用，成活率高，树冠成型快，是大树嫁接的主要方法。广泛用于油茶林低改的高接换种，或利用油茶林嫁接茶花品种建立茶花资源林，及其利用油茶树或其他山茶树嫁接茶花制作茶花桩景。在待嫁接部位，平行纵切2刀，深达木质部，长约3cm，宽度视接穗粗度而定，通常为0.3~0.5cm，再横切1刀，挑开树皮，使切口呈“H”形。取带有1芽1叶的一段接穗，长约2.5cm，在叶柄对面带木质削成长条形平口，平口两侧用刀片削去皮线，将接穗嵌入砧木切口内，严密包扎，只留叶柄和腋芽。然后用一块透明薄膜包封整个嫁接部位，内留3~5cm空间，形成保湿罩

茶花如何嫁接——撕皮嵌接法

2、三角嵌接法： 此法可在春天树皮不易剥离时使用，适用于大砧木嫁接，抽梢快，形成树冠早，嫁接愈合处平滑，非常适合利用油茶树桩制作茶花盆景时应用，只是操作技术要求稍高。在嫁接部位断砧，在砧木截口一侧用利刀削成一三角形凹槽，长约2.5cm，宽度视接穗粗度而定。取带有1叶1芽的接穗，长约3cm，从叶柄下削成相应的凸三角形。将接穗嵌入砧木槽内，使两边紧密结合，严密包扎接口。再用塑料袋罩住接穗及嫁接部位，形成保湿罩。接穗芽头萌动后，逐步松开直至去掉保湿罩。

茶花如何嫁接——三角嵌接法

3、嫩枝嫁接法：指在未半木质化砧木新枝上嫁接半木质化接穗枝条，通常采用劈接法进行。接后用2层塑料袋罩住接穗及嫁接部位，外面再套牛皮纸袋遮蔽强光。成活后逐步去掉纸袋和塑料袋。这种嫁接方法，由于砧木和接穗均为幼嫩枝条，形成层厚，愈合快，成活率高，是茶花嫁接育苗或培养一树多品种茶花的主要方法。

茶花如何嫁接——嫩枝嫁接法

4、水扦插嫁接法：此法的优点在于管理简便，适合于家庭培育茶花应用，利用油茶老桩嫁接茶花制作盆景时也常用此法。砧木接穗的切削及嵌合与三角嵌接法基本相同，区别在于水扦插嫁接使用整个枝条作接穗，长8~15cm，接口包扎后，接穗下端外露3~5cm。用盛水小玻璃瓶固定在砧木上，将接穗下端插在水瓶中。接穗愈合萌芽成长后，撤去水瓶，剪去接穗下端部分。

三、茶花的接后管理：

1、 截干：在嫁接后20~30d应及时观察其愈合情况，愈合好的植株即用小锯在接穗2~3cm处将砧木原保留的主干截断1/2~2/3，并将其压低。通常不要立即截断主干，由于接穗还没有吸收养分的能力，留部分主干可继续吸收水分和养分供给接穗生长，70d后接穗腋芽开始萌动长出，这时候可将主干全部截掉。

2、 松绑：当接穗腋芽长出，即可将密封包扎的薄膜解开。再过20d左右将扎紧的绑带割断，使其正常生长发育。 　　

3、除萌芽 ：高砧嫁接砧木上萌芽枝多而且长得快，必须及时摘除，否则会影响接穗的生长，轻则造成植株生长缓慢，重则造成植株黄萎干枯。除萌芽要直至接穗生长占优势为止。 　　

4、 整形：嫁接成活后，应适度整形，依据茶花树形和枝条位置的需要，用绳捆绑定向整形。

茶花嫁接成活的植株

专题： 茶花
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