鱼腥草百科知识

植物图片 2020-03-17 10:27

鱼腥草的嫩叶图片

鱼腥草介绍

鱼腥草（学名：Houttuynia cordata）为三白草科蕺菜属草本植物，别名：折耳根、截儿根、猪鼻拱、蕺菜等，客家话称之狗贴耳。

鱼腥草，名见《名医别录》。唐苏颂说："生湿地，山谷阴处亦能蔓生，叶如荞麦而肥，茎紫赤色，江左人好生食，关中谓之菹菜，叶有腥气，故俗称：鱼腥草。"名见《名医别录》。唐苏颂说："生湿地，山谷阴处亦能蔓生，叶如荞麦而肥，茎紫赤色，江左人好生食，关中谓之菹菜，叶有腥气，故俗称：鱼腥草。

形态特征

鱼腥草为多年生草本，高30～50厘米，全株有腥臭味；茎上部直立，常呈紫红色，下部匍匐，节上轮生小根。叶互生，薄纸质，有腺点，背面尤甚，卵形或阔卵形，基部心形，全缘，背面常紫红色，掌状叶脉5～7条，叶柄长1～3.5厘米，无毛，托叶膜质长1～2.5厘米，下部与叶柄合生成鞘。花小，夏天开，无花被，排成与叶对生、长约2厘米的穗状花序，总苞片4片，生于总花梗之顶，白色，花瓣状，雄蕊3枚，花丝长，下部与子房合生，雌蕊由3个合生心皮所组成。蒴果近球形，顶端开裂，具宿存花柱。种子多数，卵形。花期5-6月，果期10-11月。

生长习性及分布

生长习性：鱼腥草野生于阴湿或水边低地，喜温暖潮湿环境，忌干旱。耐寒，怕强光，在-15℃可越冬。土壤以肥沃的砂质壤土及腐殖质壤土生长最好，不宜于粘土和碱性土壤栽培。

分布范围：源产地于我国长江流域以南各省，多生湿地，山谷阴处亦能蔓生。早在上世纪八十年代末，四川广汉市高坪镇引入田间规模种植，现已带动周边乡镇近万亩种植面积，形成目前我国最大折耳根种植基地。浙江、江苏、湖北、安徽、福建、四川、广东、广西、湖南、贵州、陕西等地亦有种植。

鱼腥草的繁殖方法

鱼腥草的繁殖方法分为种子繁殖、根茎繁殖和分株繁殖，由于种子发芽率不高，发芽适合17～25℃变温，而发芽率只为20{bf}左右，故通常采用根茎繁殖；春天将老苗上的根茎挖出，选白色而粗壮的根茎剪成每段5～10cm长，保证每段有3～4节，按行株距20cm×20cm开穴栽植，将种茎平放于沟内覆土3～4cm，稍稍轻压后浇水保持土地湿润，1星期后可生出新芽。

鱼腥草的主要用途

可作食材：鱼腥草也可食用，常用于做凉拌鱼腥草、鱼腥草蒸鸡、鱼腥草炒鸡蛋、鱼腥草炒肉丝，总而言之，鱼腥草是南方地域的常用佐料，其叶亦可食用。

医药用途：【来源】鱼腥草的干燥地上部分；【性味归经】辛，微寒。归肺经；【功能主治】清热解毒，消肿。善治肺热、肺痈有发热咳嗽、咳嗽腐臭浓痰者，常与桔梗、芦根、蒲公英配合应用，以加强祛痰作用。治疗热毒疖肿，可单用煎服，或以鲜品捣敷。

专题： 鱼腥草
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