竹柏的养殖方法和注意事项：过旱,积水不利生长

植物图片 2020-02-11 12:51

盆栽竹柏，四季常青，叶色浓绿，姿态优美，常年能散发出缕缕芳香气味，具有净化空气和驱蚊效果，又极耐阴，非常适合会场、庭园和室内摆设，是日渐流行的盆栽花木之一。那么竹柏是如何养殖的呢？养殖中又有什么好的方式呢？养殖竹柏又必须留意什么事情的呢？请您带着疑问和我一起往下阅读吧！

漂亮的竹柏

竹柏的种植方法(基本知识)：

最好繁殖时间：竹柏宜春末秋初繁殖。

最好生长土壤：竹柏用疏松、湿润、腐殖质层厚、呈酸性的沙壤土至轻粘土较适合。

生长湿度要求：竹柏经常向叶面及植株周围喷水，以增加空气湿度，使叶色浓绿光亮，防止因空气干燥造成叶缘干枯。

最好生长气温：竹柏最适合的年平均气温在18～26℃。

最好生长光照：竹柏在阳光强烈的阳坡，根颈会发生日灼或枯死的现象。年光照在500～800小时即可，在林冠下天然更新良好。

嫩绿的竹柏

养殖竹柏的注意事项：

施撒肥料：竹柏盆栽植株不用生长得太快，因此通常不用另施肥，但为了确保叶色浓绿，可在生长旺季施两三次矾肥水。

浇水要点：竹柏生长期保持盆土湿润而不积水，过于干旱和积水都不利于植株正常生长。

修剪要领：竹柏在冬天植株进入休眠或半休眠期，要把瘦弱、病虫、枯死、过密等枝条剪掉。也可结合扦插对枝条进行整理。

盆土更换：竹柏只要养护得法，它就会生长很快，当生长到一定的大小时，就要考虑给它换个大一点的盆，以让它继续旺盛生长。换盆用的营养土及组分比例可以采用下面的一种：菜园土：炉渣=3：1；或者园土：中粗河沙：锯末（茹渣）=4：1：2；或者水稻土、塘泥、腐叶土中的一种。

繁殖要点：竹柏常用播种、扦插、压条等方法繁殖。

1、播种：种子可在温室内随采随播，也可在春天露地播种。播后覆土两三厘米厚，并覆盖稻草或杂草进行遮盖，20天种子开始发芽。以后逐步去掉遮盖物，30天至50天出齐苗。幼苗因根系发育不完善，积水、暴雨、高温、暴晒等都会造成其死亡，因此平时管理要格外小心。

2、扦插：通常在3月进行，9月中旬也可以。剪取当年生或一年生的嫩枝做插穗，剪掉部分叶子，以减少水分蒸发，保证成活，也可用生根粉等药物进行处理，以促进生根。插于粗砂、蛭石或其他排水透气性良好的介质中，插后勤浇水、勤喷水，保持介质、空气湿润，避免烈日暴晒，成活率相当高。

3、压条：多采用高空压条的方式。在生长季节选择健壮充实的一年生枝条，在适合位置进行环割，然后在伤口处包裹泥土，再用塑料袋将泥土裹紧，保持其湿润，生根后剪下上盆栽种。

病虫防治：

1、竹柏虫害有：蚜虫，防治用50{bf}抗蚜威3000～5000倍液或40{bf}的氧化乐果1500～2000倍液；蚧类，防治用，杀螟松2000倍液，1605的1500倍液；潜叶蛾，防治用，敌敌畏或杀螟松1000～1500倍液或90{bf}的敌百虫1500倍液。

2、竹百病害防治：黑斑病，6月上旬喷40{bf}多菌灵800倍液或65{bf}的代森锌400-500倍液；锈病粉，锈宁1500～2000倍液或65{bf}代森锌可湿性粉剂500～600倍液；白粉病，50{bf}多菌灵可湿性粉剂1000～1500倍液；炭疽病、煤污病，多菌灵800倍液或病毒灵低浓度液。

3、缺素症防治：可采取往岩石缝内灌注或叶面喷施微量肥的方式进行防治。

竹柏盆景

养殖竹柏的心得：

1、冬天置于室内光线明亮之处，控制浇水，不低于0℃即可安全越冬。

2、栽种时参考竹子盆景的制作方法，注意高低错落及其前后左右的位置，使其疏密得当，清秀典雅，还可在盆土表面铺上一层石子或青苔，以增加观赏性。

专题： 竹柏
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