昙花百科知识

植物图片 2020-03-24 10:28

昙花介绍

昙花（学名：Epiphyllum oxypetalum （DC.）Haw）为仙人掌科，昙花属植物。别名：琼花、月下美人等。

昙花的花开起来大而美丽，白天不开花，要在晚上八九点钟以后才开，通常花开3～4小时即谢，由于昙花开花的时间很短，开后不久即谢，故称“昙花一现”。

形态特征

灌木状肉质植物，高1～2m。主枝直，圆柱形，茎不规则分枝，茎节叶状扁平，长15～60cm，宽约6cm，绿色，边缘波状或缺凹，无刺，中肋粗厚，没有叶子。花自茎片边缘的小窠发出，大形，两侧对称，长25～30cm，宽约10cm，白色，干时黄色；雄蕊细间仅几小时；花被管比裂片长，花被片白色，干时黄色，雄蕊细长，多数；花柱白色，长于雄蕊，柱头线状，16～18裂。浆果长圆形，红色，具枞棱多汁。种子多。

生长习性

1、生于富含腐殖质的砂质土壤，喜温暖湿润和多雾及半荫的环境，不宜暴晒，不耐寒。要求排水良好的沙质土壤。

2、生长期适温为20－25℃。夏天应摆在通风良好的阴凉， 控制浇水。冬天室温不能低于0℃。

分布区域

昙花源产地墨西哥、危地马拉、洪都拉斯、尼加拉瓜、苏里南和哥斯达黎加，因美丽而不失优雅，现全球均有栽培。目前全国各地，普遍栽培，乡间几乎家家庭院可见，城市住户的庭院或阳台也常有种植。

繁殖方法

昙花常用扦插变态茎繁殖。

在春天或夏天开花后，从成年植株上选取稍老的叶状枝，剪取插穗，长度15厘米左右。插穗先放阴凉处阴干3-4天，然后扦插在湿润的黄沙上或一半蛭石一半沙混合的扦插基质上，插穗入土1/2或1/3。插后放阴凉处，20天内不浇水，待生根以后再浇水。

主要用途

1、药用：昙花主要用花入药，嫩茎也可。嫩茎全年可采，花则在花季夜间采集。嫩茎多用鲜品，花则干品鲜品均可。制干品通常在开花之夜间，待花刚开或快开之时，采下以脱水法烘干备用。主治清热止咳、防治肺痨哮喘、心悸失眠、心胃气痛、清血排毒、防治便秘、防治高血压，血脂过高等。

2、观赏：家里摆放几盆绿色植物，不仅可以让每天吸收健康新鲜的空气，有益健康美化环境。昙花可以增加室内的负离子含量。它花期虽然很短，但是开花的时候美丽高贵，清香四溢。昙花的气味有杀菌抑菌的能力，让家里的环境充满健康的气息。

专题： 昙花
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