薰衣草的栽培管理：注意阳光、水分、温度和耐心

植物图片 2019-03-27 23:57

薰衣草，它的花色典雅，花序秀丽，花香清淡，是花友喜爱的家居养殖植物之一。此外，薰衣草既能观赏，又能净化空气、治疗疾病，起到医疗保健的作用。拥有如此多作用的薰衣草，它的栽培管理是怎样的呢？我们一起去看看吧！

薰衣草的栽培管理

薰衣草的种植方法：

薰衣草为多年生小灌木，通常能利用10年左右，品种粗放，易栽培，喜阳光、耐热、耐旱、极耐寒、耐瘠薄、抗盐碱，栽培的场所需日照充分，通风良好。播种到开花（或采收）所需的时间为18～20周。薰衣草宜用大型容器栽培。但盆栽时为预防过湿可采用陶盆或较小的塑料盆，不宜使用大盆，除非已生长到相当的大小。薰衣草无法忍受炎热和潮湿，若长期受涝根烂即死。室外栽种时注意不要让雨水直接淋在植株上。五月过后需移置阳光无法直射的场所，增加通风程度以降低环境气温，保持凉爽，才能安然的度过炎夏。注意阳光、水分、气温、耐心。

1、土壤

适合于微碱性或中性的沙质土。须特别注意选择排水良好的介质，可以使用1/3的珍珠石、1/3的蛭石、1/3的泥炭苔混合后使用。如是露地栽培时要注意土壤的排水可将土堆高成畦后再种植。

2、浇水

薰衣草不喜欢根部常有水滞留。在一次浇透水后，应待土壤干燥时再给水，以表面培养介质干燥，内部湿润为度，叶子轻微萎蔫为主。浇水要在早上，避开阳光，水不要溅在叶子及花上，否则易腐烂且滋生病虫害。持续潮湿的环境会使根部没有足够的空气呼吸而生长不良，甚至突然全株死亡，栽培薰衣草失败的原因常常就在这里。浇透一次水后，应等土壤干燥、叶子轻微萎蔫之后再浇水。

薰衣草的栽培管理

3、光照

薰衣草是全日照植物，需要充分的阳光及适湿的环境，能够给予全日照的环境较佳，半日照亦可生长。每年的5月至10月是薰衣草开放的时分，花较稀少。夏天应至少遮去50{bf}的阳，并增加通风以降低环境气温。

4、气温

薰衣草为半耐热性，好凉爽，喜冬暖夏凉，生长适温：15～25℃，在5～30℃均可生长。限制气温：35℃以上，长期高于38～40℃顶部茎叶枯黄。北方冬天长期在0℃以下即开始休眠，休眠时成苗可耐-20～-25℃的低温。

5、施肥

施肥可将骨粉摆在盆土内当做基肥（每三个月用一次），幼苗可施用花宝二号（20--20--20），成株后再施用磷肥较高的肥料如花宝三号（20-30-20）。施淡肥。薰衣草不宜施肥过多，否则香味会变淡。

薰衣草的栽培管理

6、修剪

薰衣草花朵的精油含量最丰富，利用时以花朵或花序为主，为方便收获，栽培初期的一些小花序不妨以大剪刀整个理平，新长出之花序高度一致，有助于一次收获。有些品种高度可达90公分，也用这个方法使植株低矮促进多分枝、开花，增加收获量。开完花后必须进行修剪，可将植株修剪为原来的2/3，株型会较结实，并有助于生长。修剪时要在冷凉季节如春、秋时分，通常在春天修剪，在秋天修剪会影响耐寒性。修剪时注意不要剪到木质化的部分，以免植株衰弱死亡。

7、常见病害

一年生的播种苗或扦插苗受害时首先出现植物萎蔫、失水、叶色暗淡，叶子枝条顶部向下弯曲下垂，在现蕾期表现最明显。轻者夜间可以复原，重者两三天就死亡，根部腐烂，茎部导管变褐呈现光泽。三年生以上的苗子除与苗期病态表现一样外，萎蔫症状出现在植株的中心或边缘，逐渐向内向外发展，枝条萎蔫枯死，最后全株死亡，为害程度随株龄、品种而异。通常从5月份开始，七八月份达到高峰。法国薰衣草发病重，前苏联的2-417品种发病轻。

8、繁殖

薰衣草的种植方法主要有播种、扦插、压条、分根四种，主要采用扦插和播种法。

专题： 薰衣草
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