合欢花百科知识

植物图片 2020-02-16 11:39

高清合欢花图片

合欢花介绍

合欢花（学名：Albizia julibrissin Durazz）为豆科合欢属植物。别名：夜合欢、夜合树、绒花树、马缨花、合昏花。

合欢的小叶一到夜晚就闭合到一起，所有又叫夜合。合欢花花丝粉红色，荚果偏，是城市行道树、观赏树。心材黄灰褐色，边材黄白色，耐久，多用于制家具；嫩叶可食，老叶可以洗衣服；树皮供药用，有驱虫之效。它还有宁神作用，主要是治郁结胸闷、失眠健忘、滋阴补阳、眼疾、神经衰弱等功效。

形态特征

落叶乔木，高可达16米，树冠开展；小枝有棱角，嫩枝、花序和叶轴被绒毛或短柔毛。托叶线状披针形，较小叶小，早落。二回羽状复叶，总叶柄近基部及最顶一对羽片着生处各有1枚腺体；羽片4-12对，栽培的有时达20对；小叶10-30对，线形至长圆形，长6-12毫米，宽1-4毫米，向上偏斜，先端有小尖头，有缘毛，有时在下面或仅中脉上有短柔毛；中脉紧靠上边缘。头状花序于枝顶排成圆锥花序；花粉红色；花萼管状，长3毫米；花冠长8毫米，裂片三角形，长1.5毫米，花萼、花冠外均被短柔毛；花丝长2.5厘米。荚果带状，长9-15厘米，宽1.5-2.5厘米，嫩荚有柔毛，老荚无毛。花期6-7月；果期8-10月。

习性及分布

【生长习性】合欢喜温暖湿润和阳光充分环境，稍耐阴，对气候和土壤适应性强，宜在排水良好、肥沃土壤生长，耐干燥和贫瘠土壤和干旱气候，适生于肥沃湿润、排水良好的沙壤土和石灰岩山地。不耐水涝，抗寒能力强。生长速度快，分枝低，浅根性树种。萌芽力弱，枝条稀疏，不耐修剪。

【国内分布】产中国华东、华南、西南及辽宁、河北、河南、陕西。生于山坡或栽培。

【国外分布】非洲、中亚至东亚均有分布；北美亦有栽培。

繁殖栽培

合欢用种子播种繁殖，春秋都可播种，播前可用35℃温水浸种24小时，浅盆穴播，覆土1--2厘米，以浸盆法给水，保持湿润，在15--20℃条件下，经7--10天出苗，苗高5厘米时上盆。采种时选健壮母株，加强管理，于结果期随熟随采，荚果成熟时会自动开裂。养护管理无特殊要求。通常土壤均可栽培，生长期需肥不多，施稀液肥2--3次即可，肥料不宜过多，以叶绿生长健壮即可，勿使徒长，由于含羞草主要为趣味性观叶花卉，以小型为好。合欢花的种植技术简单，管理粗放。

合欢花的主要价值

药用价值：合欢花含有合欢甙，鞣质，解郁安神，滋阴补阳，理气开胃，活络止痛，用于、忧郁失眠。有较好的强身、镇静、安神、美容的作用，是治疗神经衰弱的佳品。

观赏价值：合欢花树形姿势优美，叶形雅致，树冠开阔，入夏绿荫清幽，羽状复叶昼开夜合，非常清奇，夏日粉红色绒花吐艳，非常美丽，有色有香，能形成轻柔舒畅的气氛，宜作庭荫树、行道树，种植于林缘、房前、草坪、山坡等地。

合欢花植物文化

花语：合欢花象征永远恩爱、两两相对、是夫妻好合的象征。

传说：相传虞舜南巡仓梧而死，其妃娥皇、女英遍寻湘江，终未寻见。二妃终日恸哭，泪尽滴血，血尽而死，逐为其神。后来，人们发现她们的精灵与虞舜的精灵“合二为一”，变成了合欢树。合欢树叶，昼开夜合，相亲相爱。自此，人们常以合欢表示忠贞不渝的爱情。

专题： 合欢花
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