文竹与天门冬有何区别

植物图片 2019-12-01 17:34

文竹与天门冬同属百合科天门冬属植物。文竹茎从根颈处丛生，分枝很多，呈叶状，水平开展，似羽毛。叶退化，观赏上所称的叶，实际是茎的变态，是假叶。叶呈刺毛状，6~12根簇生，极细短。根白色，稍有肉质状。花小，白色，两性，14朵生于短柄上，花期6~10月。浆果如豌豆，成熟时紫黑色，有种子1~3粒，播种易活。栽培变种有：矮文竹，茎丛生直立，枝条始终无蔓性；细叶文竹，其叶状枝稍长，淡绿色，具蓝粉；大文竹，叶状枝较原始种短，但整片叶状枝长，不规则，生长力强。

文竹

天门冬又名天冬草、武竹，为半蔓性，与文竹比较粗，高20厘米左右。茎细长丛生而下垂，分枝多，小枝十字状对生，棱形有35沟。叶退化，假叶3~4枚轮生，长1~3厘米，宽1~2毫米，线状扁平，有平行脉，呈鲜绿色。根肥厚，肉质呈纺锤形。花小，淡红色或白色，具杏仁香味，花期6~7月。浆果鲜红色，如珊瑚珠，果径1.2厘米，经冬不落。种子黑色。栽培变种有：矮天门冬，植株低矮；斑叶天门冬，叶有斑纹。

天门冬

同科同属的还有石刁柏，又名芦笋、吕宋山草、龙须菜。根绳索状，不膨大。茎直立，高达1米。枝条长而软，在生长后期上部常下垂。叶状枝近针状，3~6个或更多成簇，长0.5~3厘米，也不似文竹成片。 6月间，梢上开小花，色淡黄带绿，花梗极长，单性而雌雄异株。果实大如豌豆，初呈绿色，人秋变红，内含黑色种子。春末夏初，从地下宿根抽发嫩茎，有苞为淡紫色，肉淡黄色，质柔软而富养分，可供食馔，西餐多用之，视为珍肴。芦笋也是中草药，据称可治癌症。

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