中国十大传统名花是什么？盘点中国十大传统名花

植物图片 2019-12-19 10:33

我国地域辽阔，物产丰富，花卉栽培历史悠久。在几千年的栽培与应用中，各地、各时期都积淀了丰厚的花卉文化。在我国有十大名花之说，它们具有丰厚文化内涵的，它们分别是：梅花、牡丹、菊花、兰花、月季、杜鹃、山茶花、荷花、桂花、水仙。

梅花

梅花别名有春梅、红梅，被人们称为“花中之魁”。人们描写梅花树姿苍劲、铁骨铮铮、疏影横斜；暗香浮动、花态文雅、高洁清秀、生机盎然。人们赞赏梅花的品格与精神，综合梅花的各种特质，归纳为12个方面，俗称梅花“十二韵”，即花早、品谦、质坚、格高、色雅、香幽、枝秀、姿俊、名远、神清、性犷、魂忠。今天，梅花被南京、武汉、无锡、丹江口等地尊为市花。

历史上，在宋代、明代、清代及民国人们都对梅花推崇倍至。在人们的心目中，梅花是贤贞不屈、意志坚强、不畏强暴、品格崇高的象征，有人称之为“清友”“清客”。宋朝诗人范成大曾写道： “梅以韵胜，以格高，故以斜横疏瘦，与老枝奇怪者为贵。"明朝诗人陈仁锡说：“梅有四贵，贵稀不贵繁，贵老不贵嫩，贵瘦不贵肥，贵合不贵开。”

牡丹

牡丹雍容华贵，富丽堂皇，端庄秀雅，国色天香，仪态万千，艳压群芳，被人们寓意为吉祥、美好、繁荣、幸福、尽善尽美、至荣至贵、富贵、兴旺发达和贵客。我国洛阳、菏泽、铜陵等地已将牡丹作为市花。

牡丹在唐代最受推崇，唐代诗人刘禹锡的《赏牡丹》赞道：“庭前芍药妖无格，池上芙蕖净少情，惟有牡丹真国色，花开时节动京城。”因此牡丹又有“国色天香”之称。

菊花

菊花于秋风中开放，它姿韵不凡、临霜不凋。自古就有许多著名的文人赞喻它。像春秋战国时期的屈原，晋代的陶渊明，唐代的元稹，明代的唐寅等等。人们视菊花为“高洁”“坚贞不屈”和“顽强”的象征，与梅、兰、竹并称为“四君子”，与兰、水仙、菖蒲合称为花中“四雅”。现已有太原、南通、开封、湘潭、中山及德州将列为市花。

兰花

兰花又称“花中君子”“空谷佳人”“空谷仙子”等，自古被称为王者之香。在南宋以后被作为爱国的象征。兰花在江浙、福建、广东、云南、四川民间栽培广泛，人们多赞赏兰花有淡雅的色姿、纯正的幽香、高洁的品格、刚毅的气质。寓意兰花为美好、高洁、贤德、贤贞、朴实、谦谦君子。为绍兴和贵阳市花。

月季

月季又名月月红，它花容秀美，花色繁多，四时不绝，它有花中皇后之称。月季是现代玫瑰的杂交亲本之一，它在北方城市绿化，三季有花的建设中，功不可没。北京、天津、大连、青岛、南昌、郑州、威海、西昌、芜湖、常州、淮阴、泰州等已将其评为市花。

杜鹃

杜鹃又名映山红，为花中西施，它如火如荼、灿若蒸霞、艳盖桃李，相传为古代蜀国的望帝死后化为杜鹃鸟，悲啼时，口中鲜血滴落所化。宋代杨万里则将杜鹃比喻为烈士热血染成。

杜鹃也是世界名花，它的分布中心在中国。杜鹃的喻意是美丽、英雄、吉祥、如意。它是无锡、长沙、珠海、大理、九江、井冈山、嘉兴、三明、马鞍山等市的市花。

山茶

山茶是我国特产的珍贵花卉，在世界园林花木中与杜鹃、报春一起被誉为中国三大名花。山茶花源产地云南，早在隋唐时就已种植。明清时期，云南大理一带成为著名的山茶花乡，培育出许多著名品种。

山茶姿色俱佳，潇洒自若，繁花满枝，簇锦峥嵘，红艳生辉，红似火，白如玉。宋朝诗人王十朋的《咏茶》道：“一枕春眠到日斜，梦回喜对小山茶。道人赠我岁寒种，不是寻常儿女花。”因其寒冬怒放而寓意为“不畏严寒及强暴”。宁波、温州、景德镇、重庆、昆明、青岛、金华、衡阳及威海等城市已将其列为市花。

荷花

荷花是夏天池塘中的仙子，它与荷叶前后交错，顾盼掩映。荷叶像亭亭玉立舞女的裙，荷花像刚出浴的美人。在我国传统文化中被人赞美为出淤泥而不染。奉为“廉洁”和“洁身自好”的象征。藕寓意为“藕断丝连”和“思念情偶”，并蒂莲被称为“恩爱夫妻”。

桂花

桂花在我国传统文化中是月宫中的仙葩。在春秋战国时期，就有桂花美酒的佳句。唐代时就有了月中的仙人吴刚酿造桂花酒的故事。因此，桂花的寓意是清香、高洁、崇高、美好。古人将考中状元、进士称为“蟾宫拆桂”。将桂花列为市花的城市有苏州、杭州、合肥、马鞍山、老河口、泸州、桂林、南阳、恩施、信阳等。

水仙

水仙在中国传统文化中被喻为凌波仙子，它叶似翠带，花似素裳，白花黄心，香清而微。它于严冬开放预示着春天的来临。是我国元旦、春节期间家喻户晓的水养盆花。其花莹润，其香清幽。人们寓意水仙为“万事如意”、“吉祥”、“美好”、“纯洁的爱”、“高尚”及“妇女德行”。福建漳州市是我国水仙之乡，将水仙尊为市花。

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