幸福树百科知识

植物图片 2020-01-13 20:33

幸福树介绍

幸福树（ 学名：Radermachera sinica (Hance) Hemsl.）为紫葳科，菜豆树属植物。又叫幸福树，山菜豆，苦苓舅，豇豆树，辣椒树，接骨凉伞，森木凉伞，朝阳花，牛尾木，豆角木，牛尾豆，蛇仔事，鸡豆木，大朝阳，跌死猫树等。

幸福树可做中小型盆栽，摆摆在阳台，卧房，门厅等处。其中阳台是家居中最空旷的地方，可以吸纳外面的阳光空气和风雨，是住宅的纳气之处。而在阳台摆放植物有化煞和生旺两种作用。

形态特征

小乔木，高达10米；叶柄、叶轴、花序均无毛。2回羽状复叶，稀为3回羽状复叶，叶轴长约30厘米左右；小叶卵形至卵状披针形，长4-7厘米，宽2-3.5厘米；侧生小叶柄长在5毫米以下，顶生小叶柄长1-2厘米。顶生圆锥花序，直立，长25-35厘米，宽30厘米；苞片线状披针形，长可达10厘米，早落，苞片线形，长4-6厘米。花萼蕾时封闭，锥形，内包有白色乳汁，萼齿5，卵状披针形，中肋明显，长约12毫米。花冠钟状漏斗形，白色至淡黄色，长约6-8厘米左右，裂片5，圆形，具皱纹，长约2.5厘米。雄蕊4，2强，光滑，退化雄蕊存在，丝状。子房光滑，2室，胚珠每室二列，花柱外露，柱头2裂。蒴果细长，下垂，圆柱形，稍弯曲，多沟纹，渐尖，长达85厘米，径约1厘米，果皮薄革质，小皮孔极不明显；隔膜细圆柱形，微扁。种子椭圆形，连翅长约2厘米，宽约5毫米。花期5-9月，果期10-12月。

生长习性

幸福树性喜高温多湿、阳光足的环境。耐高温，畏寒冷，宜湿润，忌干燥。生于山谷或平地疏林中。栽培宜用疏松肥沃、排水良好、富含有机质的壤土和沙质壤土 。

分布区域

幸福树源产地于台湾、广东、海南、广西、贵州、云南等地，多分布于海拔300米至850米（广西、海南）、1100米至1700米（云南中部以南）的山谷、平地疏林中。印度、菲律宾、不丹等国也有分布。

幸福树的繁殖技术

1、播种：可于12月底，待其蒴果接近开裂、种子充分成熟时，采收长条状蒴果。

2、扦插：3月至4月间，当环境气温达15℃左右时，剪取1年至2年生木质化枝，长约15厘米至20厘米，删去全部叶子，下切口最好位于节下0.5厘米处，将其扦插于沙壤苗床上，插穗入土深度约为穗长的1／3至1／2。

3、压条：可于3月至4月间，在2年生壮枝或茎干的节下，进行环状剥皮，剥皮宽度通常为被压条茎干直径的2倍至3倍。

幸福树的主要用途

1、幸福树，中叶对生，呈卵形或卵状披针形，花冠钟状漏斗形，白色或淡黄色，蒴果革质，呈圆柱状长条形似菜豆，稍弯曲、多 沟纹。大棵的幸福树，叶子茂密青翠，充满活力朝气，可以作为生旺的植物，而且它有着为人们带来幸福的寄意。中小型的幸福树可作盆栽。

2、菜豆树以根、叶入药。全年可采根，洗净切片，晒干；秋前采叶，晒干或鲜用。性味归经：苦，寒。功能主治：清热解毒，散瘀消肿。用于伤暑发热。外用治跌打骨折，毒蛇咬伤，痈肿。

专题： 幸福树
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