什么是真菌性病害？真菌性病害有哪些症状

植物图片 2019-12-18 10:09

真菌是没有叶绿素的异养生物，以菌丝体为营养体，以孢子进行繁殖、微小的真菌肉眼看不见，它们靠风、雨、昆虫等传播，以菌丝寄生在花卉体内吸收养分。由真菌侵染引起的病害称为真菌性病害。真菌性病害是花卉病害中最主要的一类病害，如白粉病、炭疽病、锈病、灰霉病、黑斑病、褐斑病、立枯病、白绢病等。

花生的黑斑病

真菌性病害通常具有以下明显症状：

一、霉状物发病部位产生各种颜色的霉层，如霜霉、青霉、灰霉、黑霉等。霉层由真菌的菌丝体、孢子梗和孢子所组成，如牡丹灰霉病、葡萄霜霉病、柑橘黑霉病等。

二、粉状物发病部位产生各种颜色的粉状物。如月季白粉病、大丽花白粉病等。

三、点状物发病部位产生黑色、褐色小点，多为真菌的繁殖体，如兰花炭疽病病斑上面的小黑点，就是真菌孢子堆所构成的。

四、锈状物发病部位产生黄褐色锈状物，是由真菌孢子堆所构成的，如玫瑰锈病等。

五、丝状物、颗粒状物在幼苗茎基部产生一层白色棉絮状物，多为真菌的繁殖体。如荷包牡丹猝倒病，在茎基部形成黑褐色的颗粒状物；又如苗木白绢病等。

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