凤尾竹百科知识

植物图片 2020-03-04 10:27

凤尾竹

凤尾竹介绍

凤尾竹（学名：Bambusa multiplex cv. Fernleaf.）为禾本科簕竹属植物，别名：观音竹、米竹、筋头竹、蓬莱竹等。

凤尾竹植株丛生，叶细纤柔，弯曲下垂，风韵潇洒，宛如凤尾而得名。人们常把凤尾竹作庭院丛栽或盆景植物，配以山石，摆件，别有情趣。正所谓山有水则灵，家旁有凤尾竹则有灵气。

形态特征

凤尾竹秆密丛生，矮细但空心；秆高1～3m，径0.5～1.0cm.,枝叶下垂，每小枝有叶9～13枚，叶细小，长约3厘米，宽0.4～0.7cm，呈线状披针形至披针形。常常20片叶子排生于枝的两侧，似羽状。整体上凤尾竹枝干纤细，竹竿上端由于枝繁叶茂，干细，加之负担过重，形成枝叶向下低垂犹如凤尾，状似少女含羞把头低下，默默无言。

生长习性

凤尾竹喜温向阳，也喜半阴环境，适合酸性、微酸性或中性土壤，喜湿忌积水。春、夏、秋三季为生长活跃期，只需放置在窗口通风处，入冬放置在向阳处，就可良好生长。

分布区域

凤尾竹源产地于我国两广、四川、福建等地，随着时间的变迁，现如今凤尾竹已广泛分布在我国华东、华南、西南、台湾、香港等地，日本和印度也有栽培。

繁殖方法

凤尾竹作为竹类的一种，其繁殖方法比较简单，园林中常以移植母竹（分兜栽植）为主，亦可埋兜、埋秆、埋节繁殖。母株要及时栽植，栽前要施足底肥，保证足够的营养，栽后要浇足定根水。

分株繁殖：可在早春（2 - 3月）结合换盆时进行。分株时将生长过密的株丛，从盆中倒出，从根茎处用刀切开，另行上盆。注意不要伤根。切分时至少要让每个笋芽都带有一枝老竹，并尽量保留须根，以期保证成活。新分的植株要栽在大小适中的盆内，培以沃土，注意灌水，保持湿润，置于半阴处养护，笋芽将迅速成长。

常见品种

凤尾竹为多年生植物，其中常见的品种有：有毛凤尾竹、小叶凤尾竹、大叶凤尾竹等。

主要用途

1、观赏作用：凤尾竹为丛生型竹子，固定在原地生长，不致蔓延成片，适于在庭院中墙隅、屋角、门旁配植，幽雅别致。植株较小的凤尾竹可栽植于花台上，也可制作竹类盆景，同时也栽于寺庙庭园中。在南方地域，凤尾竹也常作为低矮绿篱的配植材料广泛应用。

2、药用价值：

【来源】：为禾木科植物凤尾竹的叶、叶芽。

【功效】：清热除烦，清热利尿。

【主治】：用于外感发热、神昏谵语，手足心热、心烦，小便不利，淋涩不通。

专题： 凤尾竹
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