仙人球百科知识

植物图片 2019-12-26 23:48

仙人球介绍

仙人球（学名：Echinopsis tubiflora）为仙人掌科仙人球属多肉植物，别名：草球、长盛球等。

仙人球通常生长在高热、干燥、少雨的沙漠地带。它有狭义和广义之分，狭义上特指仙人掌科，而广义上的仙人球则泛指所有球状或近似于球状的仙人掌类植物。仙人球寿命长体积大，有的品种寿命可高达五百年以上并长成直径两三米的巨球。同时仙人球也能被食用。

形态特征

仙人球通常高约15cm，茎球形，椭圆形或倒卵形，绿色，肉质，有纵棱12～14条，棱上有丛生的针刺，通常每丛6～10枚，少数达15枚，长2～4cm，硬直，黄色或黄褐色，长短不一，辐射状，刺丛内着生密集的白绒毛。中细小，生于刺丛内，早落。花大形，侧生，着生于刺丛中，粉红色，夜间开放，长喇叭状，长15～20cm，花筒外被鳞片，鳞片腋部具长绵毛。浆果球形或卵形，无刺。种子细小，多数。花期在5～6月。

生长习性

仙人球喜干耐旱，其主要生长期是夏天，这也是它的盛花期。冬天室温白天要保持在20℃以上，夜间气温不低于5℃。仙人球要求阳光充分，但在夏天不能强光暴晒，需要适度遮阴。土壤要排水、透气性良好、含石灰质的沙土(或沙壤土）。

分布区域

仙人球的故乡南美洲，通常生长在高热、干燥、少雨的沙漠地带，形成了喜干、耐旱的特性。现已广泛被引世界各地，我国各地均有栽培。

繁殖方法

仙人球的繁殖因品种而异：

1、容易生子球的草球、子孙球、 金星等品种可在生长季摘取子球晾几天，等伤口干燥后扦插。

2、不易生子球的大统领、龙王球、狮子王等品种可用播种繁殖。

3、长势较弱的白鸟、白雪光、精巧殿、彩翁玉、 黑丽球等品种多用嫁接繁殖。

4、对于不易生子球，又采收不到种子的品种，可将长势健壮的植株顶部的生长点破坏，促发子球，等子球长到一定大小，取下扦插或嫁接。

仙人球常见品种

常见的仙人球品种有：金冠、金琥、多头金冠、金手指、金丝猴、白鸟、白雪光、多头银冠、红牡丹、黄菠萝、梦幻城、狮子王、万重山、猩猩丸、摇钱树、钰翁、仙人掌、子孙球等，其中以金琥尤为著名。

仙人球的主要用途

1、用作环保：仙人球能吸收太阳紫外线，另夜间能吸收二氧化碳，释放氧气。

2、可作食材：食用仙人球肉质鲜嫰、甘淡无毒、无任何副作用，是一种风味独特、名副其实的新型药物蔬菜。据最新资料解释，食用仙人球是一种集食用、医药、保健、美容、观赏于一体的无公害绿色食品。

3、医药用途：【来源】仙人球的茎；【性味】淡平，味甘；【功效】治肺热咳嗽，痰中带血，痈肿，汤火伤。

专题： 仙人球
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