橡皮树掉叶子的原因分析及救治办法

植物图片 2019-11-21 21:46

橡皮树是观叶植物，如果橡皮树掉叶子，则大大影响观赏效果。造成橡皮树掉叶子的原因有很多，下面为大家作具体分析和介绍相关的救治办法：

橡皮树

橡皮树掉叶子的原因分析及救治办法

分析一：植株长时间未做好换盆造成土壤板结，橡皮树生长初期每年需换盆一次，盆径要一年比一年大，生长6～8年后可每三年换盆一次，如果长时间不换盆，会使盆土严重板结，土壤通气状况不良，造成橡皮树的须根窒息坏死，不能吸收水分和营养，引起植物叶子枯黄脱落。

救治办法：当气温达15度以上后，进行翻盆，剪去枯死的根系，抖掉大部分宿土。摘掉变黄的叶子，对茎干做适度短截，用新鲜肥沃的营养土代替原先板结的盆土，经常保持土壤湿润，可促成其重新发出新根系，恢复健康状态，生长成为多分枝的植株。在以后的养护中要保持盆土通透良好，在保持盆土适度湿润的同时，可每隔15天至20天松一次盆土，以免因反复浇水造成盆土板结而促成烂根或根系萎缩。

分析二：植物长时间未施肥，橡皮树喜大肥大水，长时间不施肥会造成营养不良，造成叶子变黄。

救治办法：在换盆的时候加入适量底肥，去除黄叶，此后每半月追施液肥一次，以磷、钾肥为主。

分析三：过冬气温偏低。橡皮树最低适应气温为6～8度以上，如果冬天室温低于5度，就会发生叶子枯黄脱落现象。

救治办法：提高过冬室温，务必保持在6～8度以上。

分析四：浇水或施肥过多，橡皮树虽是喜水喜肥植物，但是如果浇水施肥过多，尤其是在8月至9月间，天气仍比较闷热时，浇水过多，盆内形成积水；或者是在越冬时候浇水过多，而植株处于休眠时期，蒸腾作用减小，盆内水分不能及时排出；或是误浇了生肥、大肥、浓肥，都会因水害、肥害发生烂根，造成叶子枯黄。如果是肥害造成的烂根，根部会伴有难闻的气味。

救治办法：先剪去已腐烂的根系，直至创口断面新鲜且有白色乳汁渗出为止。稍加摊晾待创口乳汁收干，也可于创口上涂抹硫磺粉末消毒，或用干净的草木灰、木炭屑抹在创口上，同时剪去一部分枝干，借以减少对水分的蒸腾消耗，再换盆栽种；重新栽种时，宜采用干净并略带潮气的细沙先围好根部创口，外侧用新鲜疏松的沙壤栽好，加强遮阴和喷雾管理，盆土不干不再浇水；只要植株根系不是损害得太严重，一个月后根系的创口处即可生发出新的细嫩须根。以后养护时经常保持盆土轻度湿润即可，不可过分浇水，可在早晚多向叶面喷水。

分析五：室内空气过分干燥，盆土水分不足以供应全部叶子的蒸腾使用，造成一部分叶子尤其是下部的老叶子发黄乃至脱落。

救治办法：不时察看盆土的湿润程度，及时补水，每天早晚向叶面喷水，如果还是不足则可在正午前后再向叶面喷水。注意：浇水和喷水的水温应基本与土温室温持平，若浇水、喷水的水温与土温、气温悬殊较大，易造成其出现不良的生理反应。

分析六：室内通风不良，室内如果长时间不通风透气，积聚了一些有害气体，如二氧化碳浓度过高，也会发生黄叶现象。

救治办法：及时开窗通风，保持室内的通风和空气清新即可有所改善。冬天可于气温较高的中午打开门窗更换室内空气。

分析七：长时间遮荫，橡皮树属热带树种，喜阳光充分，不耐阴蔽，如果在室内长时间见不到阳光，由也会有黄叶现象。

救治办法：把植株摆摆在有阳光照射的地方。

分析八：感染了灰霉病。

救治办法：发现病叶应及时摘去烧毁，增加室内光线，提高室温。或用50 ％的农利灵（乙烯菌核利）可湿性粉剂1200倍液，或40 ％的百菌清可湿性粉剂600倍液，交替喷洒，7天至10天一次，连续喷洒2次至3次，可有效控制该病的蔓延。

专题： 橡皮树
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