发财树怎么养:小型植株浇水要少

植物图片 2019-03-27 21:20

发财树为多年生常绿灌木,源产地于马来西亚半岛及南洋群岛一带。近年来,经栽培选育,已广泛进入中国城乡家庭。作为盆景栽培,依据其喜高温多湿、不耐霜寒及干燥的生活习性,应把握好以下养护要点:

养护极好的发财树

发财树养护注意事项

注意阳光:发财树性喜高温湿润和阳光照射,不能长时间阴蔽。因此,在养护管理时应置于室内阳光充分处。摆放时,必须使叶面朝向阳光。否则,由于叶子趋光,将使整个枝叶扭曲。另外,每间隔3天至5天,用喷壶向叶子喷水一次,这样既利于光合作用的进行,又可使枝叶更显漂亮。

注意浇水:浇水是养护管理过程中的重要环节。水量少,枝叶发育停滞;水量过大,可能招致烂根死亡;水量适度,则枝叶肥大。浇水的首要原则是宁湿勿干,其次是“两多两少”,即夏天高温季节浇水要多,冬天浇水要少;生长旺盛的大中型植株浇水要多,新分栽入盆的小型植株浇水要少。

注意施肥:发财树为喜肥植物,对肥料的需求量大于常见的其它花木。每年换盆时,肥土的比例可占1/3,甚至更多。另外,在发财树生长期(5月~9月),每间隔15天,可施用一次腐熟的液肥或混合型育花肥,以促进根深叶茂;

注意气温与湿度:发财树对气温和湿度的要求较高,如若气温较低或湿度缺失,常常会出现落叶现象,严重时枝条光秃,不仅有碍观赏,且极易造成植株死亡。因此,护养时应注意保持15℃以上的气温,并经常给枝叶喷水,以增加必要的湿度。而在深秋和冬天,则应注意做好越冬防寒、防冻管护。

 发财树图片

注意修剪:修剪是一门大学问,由于发财树生长速度惊人,若不加以修剪,极容易造成树型比例不均,影响盆栽欣赏,经由适时修剪,不但可以刺激其重新发芽成长,同时可改变其造型,增加其欣赏价值。至于修剪造型可按个人喜好进行,常见造型有独株型、辫子型和群聚型。

注意防病害:叶黄、叶枯病和根腐病是发财树的常见病害,预防病害应做到栽种时用速克灵喷洒发财树头部,以预防灰霉病菌的危害,在栽培过程中应加强养护管理,适时合理浇水施肥,每个生长季节可追施肥2-3次叶面肥。发现病叶及时摘除,并销毁。

生长习性

  发财树性喜高温和半阴环境,茎能贮存水分和养分,具有抗逆、耐旱特性,耐阴性强,容易栽培,喜肥沃、排水良好的砂质壤土。生长适合气温20—30℃,气温低于10℃也能生长,但低于5℃容易受害,轻者造成落叶,重者可造成死亡。

繁殖方法

  发财树多用播种繁殖,也可扦插繁殖。播种宜用新鲜种子,秋天成熟后采摘,将种壳去除随即播种。播种后覆盖细土约2厘米厚,然后放置半阴处,保持湿润,播后约7天左右可发芽。发芽气温22—26℃。苗长至25厘米左右可间密留疏,使树苗均匀生长。实生苗生长迅速,苗期要薄施氮肥和增施磷钾肥2-3次,促进茎干基部膨大。春天也可利用植株截顶时剪下枝条,扦插在砂石或粗沙中,保持一定湿度,约30天左右可生根,但扦插基部难以形成膨大根茎,观赏价值不如播种苗高。

栽培与养护

  发财树盆栽养护比较简单,通常用疏松菜园土或泥炭土、腐叶土、粗沙,加少量复合肥或鸡屎作基肥、营养土。幼苗上盆或地栽种后,顶端具有明显优势,如不摘心,就会单杆直往上长;当剪去顶芽时,很快就会长出侧枝,茎的基部也会明显膨大。地栽长到1.5米高时,可编辫或“成龙”造型,编好再继续种于地上或盆栽养护,提高观赏价值。如台山市端芬镇台湾外商在山坡地大量种植发财树,并编辫成三株、五株、七株等盆景树,经济效益可观。发财树适应性强,喜光又耐阴,全日照、半日照或荫蔽处均生长良好。但长久在阴暗处生长,生机会转劣。入夏时应遮阴50{bf}为好,以免烈日曝晒使叶尖、叶缘枯焦。在室内栽培观赏宜置放有一定散射光处,不宜连续超过30天,如出现生机转劣徒长现象,应逐渐接受阳光,切忌急速受强光照射,以防不适应枯死。盆栽生长期要保持盆土湿润,不干不浇,其膨大茎能贮存一定水分和养分,盆栽排水畅通,宁干勿湿,不可潮湿滞水,如水分过多积水,则生长不良,或根茎腐烂;但土壤也不宜太干,尤其晴天空气干燥时还须适度喷水,以保叶子油绿而有光泽。生长期每月薄施腐熟花生麸肥水或有机质氮、磷、钾肥,或复合肥1-2次,通常室内观赏不必施肥。但每1-2个月盆施复合肥一次,每盆6-8克左右,以薄施为好,切忌浓肥,应增施磷钾肥,使茎干膨大。或叶面喷肥1-2次,以绿旺+植宝素+0.2{bf}磷酸二氢钾等营养液,使叶子厚、叶色墨绿,每10-15天喷一次,可保持叶子绿而有光泽。冬天要温暖避光越冬,气温不宜低于5℃,土壤也不应太干,晴天空气干燥时适度喷水。春天应修剪枝叶1次,促进枝叶更新。

温馨提示:

1、发财树怕烟熏,冬天室内养护期间,要注意避免烟熏造成叶子发黄而影响观赏价值;

2、发财树怕冷,10℃时应入室,低于8℃会发生寒害,轻的落叶,重的死亡;

3、可依据需要于春天换盆,所换土壤要疏松透气、排水良好、肥沃沙质。

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