发财树百科

植物图片 2019-03-27 21:18

发财树介绍

发财树（学名：Pachira macrocarpa）为木棉科瓜栗属常绿乔木，别名：瓜栗、中美木棉、鹅掌钱等。

发财树的名称深受商家及通常市民的欢迎，加立株形状美、叶色亮绿，树干呈锤形，盆载后适于在家内布置和美化使用，所以，2006年来在中国花卉市场上发展甚快。每逢节日，各宾馆、饭店、商家及市民多争相采购。以图吉祥如意。也能够体现家居的格调！

形态特征

发财树，又名马拉巴栗，属木棉科，常绿乔木。可高达8～15m，掌状复叶，小叶5～7枚，枝条多轮生。花大，长达22.5cm，花瓣条裂，花色有红、白或淡黄色，色泽艳丽。4～5月开花，9～10月果熟，内有10～20粒种子，大粒，形状不规则，浅褐色。

生长习性

发财树喜高温高湿气候，耐寒力差，幼苗忌霜冻，夏天的高温高湿季节，对发财树的生长非常有利，是其生长的最快时期，所以在这一阶段应加强肥水管理，使其生长健壮。冬天，不可低于5℃，最好保持18℃至20℃。喜肥沃疏松、透气保水的沙壤土，喜酸性土，忌碱性土或粘重土壤，较耐水湿，也稍耐旱。忌冷湿，在潮湿的环境下，叶子很容易出现溃状冻斑，有碍观赏。

分布区域

发财树源产地拉丁美洲的哥斯达黎加、墨西哥、澳洲及太平洋中的一些小岛屿，现世界各地均有分布。

在我国主要分布在南部热带地域，其中台湾栽培最广泛，祖国大陆所栽的植株多数从台湾引进，现具体分布于台湾、广东、香港、福建、海南岛等地。

繁殖方法

1、播种：发财树多用播种繁殖，播种宜用新鲜种子，秋天成熟后采摘，将种壳去除随即播种。播种后覆盖细土约2厘米厚，然后放置半阴处，保持湿润，播后约7天左右可发芽。

2、扦插：插条采集选择生长健壮、无病虫害、性状优良的当年生半木质化枝条，在阴天或无风的早晨剪取，剪留长度为6至7厘米，下切口为马蹄形，位于叶或腋芽下，切口要光滑，利于形成愈合组织。通常每个插条带2个掌叶，注意不要伤及叶子，以利光合作用。

发财树常见品种

1、台湾发财树，中文名马拉巴栗，源产地地墨西哥，台湾栽培最广泛；

2、大叶发财树，原名昆士兰伞木，源产地澳洲；

3、发财靓树是鹅掌柴，属五加科，产于台湾、广东、香港、福建、海南岛等地。

上面三个品种均为复叶，前者每支叶柄上多数着生六七枚小叶，但也有八枚，因“八”与“发”谐音，一些花店老板就美其名为“发财树”。

发财树的主要用途

园林用途：发财树株形状美、叶色亮绿，树干呈锤形，可作为桩景树、庭荫树、行道树应用，深得人们喜爱。

美化环境：发财树四季长青，能通过光合作用吸收有毒气体释放氧气，能比较有效的吸收一氧化碳和二氧化碳的污染，对抵抗烟草燃烧产生的废气有一定作用。

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