玉蝶黑腐的原因：玉蝶黒腐由内因和外因造成

植物图片 2019-11-11 10:46

养过玉蝶的花友都知道玉蝶有个很大的缺点就是很容易黑腐，其实想挽救黒腐的玉蝶也不是没办法，只不过要看黑腐的程度，如果发现及时还有挽救的希望，但是如果发现的晚，神仙都难就了。即使是养了好几年的玉蝶说黑就黑，分分钟死给你看。

完全黑腐的玉蝶（这样的就没办法挽救了）

玉蝶为什么会黒腐

玉蝶黒腐的内因：

其实，黑腐是玉蝶的一种遗传病，它的基因里就带有了易黑腐或不耐黑腐的基因，有些品种非常容易得黑腐病，有些则基本不得，景天里石莲(玉蝶、静夜之类)的较易得黑腐病，银波属(熊童子之类)的几乎不得黑腐病，青锁龙(达摩方塔之类)和景天属(虹之玉、乙女心之类)的也很难出现黒腐，莲花掌虽然也会黑但不像石莲那样这么容易黑，这说明石莲这一类的在其抗逆基因里黑腐抗性就弱，较易黑腐。

玉蝶黒腐的外因：

玉蝶黑腐部位通常多发生于靠进根部的茎部，也有些多发生于和土壤有相关接触的茎部，说明在空气置换较少或接触部位多的地方，发生黑腐几率高，我不知道黑腐是怎样形成的，但我们可以依据黑腐发生教训来避免黑腐的几率，以下几点是实际栽种过程中总结出的易发生黑腐诱因：

1、土壤不够透气，原因是植料太过细小，代表就是园土，整个土壤内部被糊的密不透气，这样在高温的时候会容易从根茎部进始黑腐。

2、高温给水，这个主要是夏天了，浇水最好在晚9点后，最好看天气预报，挑一个第二天阴天但又不下雨的天浇，避免第二天高温高湿或下雨后又浇一边，形成积水。

3、新种下的玉蝶最好除去那些细小的毛细根，保留那些较粗的根，潮土种下，摆在亮点的地方，或适度遮荫，等待缓盆，如顺利的话半个月就有明显状态上的变化，如果实无变化，最多一个月则要看一下，是否根部出现黑腐状态，有时候一个新种植的植株长时间没变化或变差，很可能埋入土中的那截已出现黑腐的症状，这种你拨出来通常会发现和你种下去的时候根几乎没的变化也无新发根，所以新种缓盆也有一定的黑腐风险。

4、生长状态差，就像人免疫系统低时会得病一样，通常来说植株是否健康很大取决于根，根好则即使没有光和温差，整株植株的抗性也不会太差，但根不好时，植株将进入发根状态，在新根没有生出时只能进行自我内耗，这个阶段整个植株抗性很低较易发生黑腐，这也是上面第3点为什么新种玉蝶易黑腐。

5、细菌性感染，这个就不说了，我不知道都是什么菌会引起黑腐，总之把植料弄的干净些有好处。

从根部开始黒腐的玉蝶

6、介壳虫害，这个养景天的都很头痛，大家都会和介壳虫做战， 介壳虫也是会引发黑腐的，它蜡制的外表不怕水，药水也难打死它，淡黄色的分泌物即粘手，也恶心，还粘在植物上堵塞气孔，至于弄死介壳虫的手法大家自行搜索吧，下图介壳虫造成的黑腐病，图上能看见它们的身影。

7、生理性黑腐，还可猜测有一部分黑腐是生理性的，可能是植物进化的一种结果，或者这种情况不属于黑腐但发病外观和黑腐非常接近，这种黑腐通常不至命，常常为达到的结果仅是分株，这种情况好发于茎下端细长部，这部分不具备完整的茎功能，豪无支撑力可言，看上去作用仅仅是连接主茎进行水份营养输送。

这种茎通常多长于高盆但只有半盆土的土中，这种种植方式通常只会有一个粗状的主茎，而其它的茎下部则会长的绵软细长(它叫须茎，这个不是玉蝶独有的，其实特玉莲、蓝石莲也会有这样的情况)，在靠进盆口处的茎才会长的较粗一些，而这些须茎就该是盆高土低，非主茎的叶为向光而加速生长而形成的，这种细茎根本没什么支撑力。

换盆的时候，你会发现它们还非常容易和主茎脱落，即使换盆无脱落，换完盆这些茎不能支撑，都完全是贴在土面上的，大大降低了群生的观赏性，而且这部分须茎也易黑腐，但大部分只是这段发生黑腐，向上到正常的茎部向下到连接主茎的根部就会停止并自愈，而这段旁茎的那段茎部由于贴土面会在茎部上生根形成独立供己，少数情况下黑腐会至不住至使整个旁茎乃至整株死掉，即使换盆脱落的带须茎的旁茎，就是重新种下一段时期后挖出发现这段须茎也会在土中腐掉，也有不腐的，但这段须茎很少或几乎不会有根，所以换盆脱落的这种茎，就把须茎剪掉晾干再种下吧，关于这一点，这只是我在种的时候发生的一些情况进行的猜测，没有数据对比，也是没时间做这种系统的工作，只是感觉有一些这样的情况会发生，也不是少数，所以就写出来，也可能是我所处的环境个例，不以偏概全，但种的时候还是建议土给的多一些，不要只给半盆土。

健康的玉蝶

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