花木生长期修剪有哪些形式

植物图片 2019-11-15 23:01

杜鹃花

一、折裂：常在早春芽略萌动时进行，目的是为了防止枝条的生长过旺，或为了形成一定的艺术造型折裂。粗放的手法是用手将枝条折裂；精细的手法是先用刀切割，然后小心将枝条弯折，并要在切口处涂泥，防止伤口水分蒸发过多。

二、抹芽：通常将枝条上萌发的侧芽或多余的芽除去 。

三、摘心：将新梢顶端摘除2~5厘米。目的是抑制新梢生长，使养分转移到生殖生长。当新梢上部的芽萌生二次梢时，可以等它长出几张叶子后再进行一次摘心。

四、捻梢 ：即将新梢扭转但不使其断离母枝，多在新梢生长过长时应用。捻梢的目的是阻止养分、水分向生长点运输，削弱枝条生长势，有助于花枝的形成。捻梢的特点是对顶芽产生的刺激较小，不会产生副梢。

五、曲枝（弯枝、缚枝、盘扎）： 即将枝条或新梢施行弯曲、缚扎或扶立等措施，控制该枝梢或其上芽的萌发，也可用来将树木塑造成各种艺术造型。

六、摘叶：适度摘除过多的叶子，改善通风透光条件。

七、摘蕾： 为了获得大而艳的花朵，可以通过摘除侧蕾，促进主蕾的生长。

八、摘果：有时为了使幼年果树枝条生长充实，避免消耗过多养分，常常将果实摘除；有时为了获得大而品质好的果实，进行适度的疏果；观花植物为了使花朵能连续开放，常将果实摘除。

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