新手如何养殖多肉:分别从光、温、水、气、肥五个点讲述

植物图片 2019-03-27 20:24

最近是多肉的世界,养殖多肉的花友从未间断。大多新花友都有这样的感慨“多肉原来是这么难养的!”那么新手养殖多肉有什么必须留意的呢?有花友总结了五点,分别是光、温、水、气、肥。下面,我们就一起去了解一下吧!

新手如何养殖多肉

养殖多肉的五个点:

一、最基本的、大家最关心的是浇水

1、什么时间浇水

首先最直观的看土,这确实是一个信号,土干裂了,掂一掂盆,盆轻了,确实可以判断能浇水。但更本质地说我们养的是多肉不是土,看植物的表现能更直观地知道它是否缺水,叶子发软,皱在一起,植物整体有点包起来就是缺水了,这时候可以浇水。所以看植物浇水更加合理,也可以不受铺面、天气的影响。

2、浇什么水

有的盆友经常说浇雨水肉肉能长得更好……这个我没有直观的体会不好说,浇什么水应该影响不大。水质的话不外乎pH值还有硬度等等,雨水是酸性的,自来水应该差不多是中性的,但是自来水里面含有一点氯,最好放一放等它挥发了再浇更好,其次放一放可以让水温和土温更接近,不会水浇下去引起根际气温的巨变,植物最怕的就是环境的巨变,切记切记。还有北方的同学要注意,北方的水硬度比较大,也更碱一点,所以直接浇自来水可能养不了杜鹃花、茉莉花、蝴蝶兰等喜酸性土壤的南方植物。

3、怎么浇水

通常有两种浇花的方式,直接浇还有浸盆。直接浇没什么不好,直接浇透水。浸盆不能经常用,由于土吸了水,之后又蒸干了,水碱会留在土里,时间长了土会变碱。这也是为什么说不干不浇,浇要浇透的原因。我通常在播种或移栽植物的时候用浸盆,这样不会把幼苗冲跑。

浇水问题

二、光照,没有不爱光的植物

是个植物就得光合作用。之前说过五要素是相互影响的,光线强的地方往往造成局部小环境的气温升高和湿度变小,所以,受气温和湿度的影响,有的植物可能比起直射光更喜欢散射光。我养过苔藓,就连苔藓也是喜欢最明亮的光线,只要空气湿度够,就是照直射光也完全没有问题。

1、光强

这个我们家庭养花也不用知道太多,直射光光强大于散射光,多肉最好照直射光。但是根没有长好的植物除外,强光照会造成植物水分的蒸发,而刚移栽的肉肉根没有长好不能从土里吸水,强光会造成植物的死亡,所以先在明亮的散射光出发好根再逐渐转到强光处。

2、光质

盆友们会发现,肉肉在窗口隔着玻璃晒不如摆在外面效果好,除了通风的影响,玻璃隔离了部分紫外线也是一个重要因素,紫外线可以抑制节间的伸长,防止徒长,使株型更加紧凑。

但是从室内转到室外的时候也最好慢慢来,给植物一个适应的过程,毕竟它们最怕环境的巨变,而从室外到室内,光照、气温、通风都有着很大的差别,刚开始有些晒伤也没事。

光照问题

三、关于气的问题,有花友说通风很关键,其实就是一个空气湿度的问题

对于不少植物来说它确实都是一个关键的因素,比如说刚提到的苔藓、还有一些蕨类,空气湿度往往是养这些植物的关键因素。

对于多肉来讲,空气湿度没有那么重要,但也很关键。

不少盆友的肉肉夏天死了,有说浇水浇死的,有说黑腐死的。其实这还真不是淹死的,只要你的盆子打了孔没有泡在水里,没有积水,就没有浇死的多肉。

这还是和浇了水局部空气湿度增大有关,如果你的肉肉还在一个空气不流通的室内那么湿度会更高,然后夏天气温高,高气温和高湿度造成了真菌的活跃,而植物在夏天生长变缓、抵御力降低,所以悲剧就发生了。

高温、高湿有一个得到控制就能阻止悲剧的发生。所以夏天遮阴通风渡夏是王道,就是降低气温和湿度的最简单常用的手段。

空气湿度问题

四、土、基质的问题

曾经我以为它们很重要,相信还有很多花友认为它们很重要,由于经常看到有人在问养得好的人配土的问题。但是它们还真的不重要,至少没前面的几要素重要。

衡量土壤的两个重要指标就是持水度和空隙度,这两个的关系是拮抗的,简单说就是透气好的保水不好,保水好的透气性不好,好的土壤就是找到这两者的平衡点,做到既保水还透气,疏松肥沃的土壤我们可以摸出来,柔软潮湿而不板结就好。每次我发帖的时候就会被吐槽土的问题,很多人说我的土板结了。拜托什么土浇完水晒干了表面都是硬的好吗,只要盆里的土倒出来是疏松柔软的就好。

种景天的土和种南蛮玉的土都一样,园土加沙子加泥炭,加沙子可以增加土的孔隙度,泥炭更保水,种球的土就可以多掺点沙子,旁边的迷岩用泥炭拌珍珠岩。

土、基质的问题

还有基质和土是不一样的概念,基质种类比较多什么泥炭、珍珠岩、椰糠等都是基质,和园土相比,基质按一定比例混合后,有机质含量高、质轻、保水性能良好,商家养花都用基质主要就是由于基质轻,运输成本会低很多。

家庭养花我建议用园土,由于园土含有丰富的矿物质是基质没有的,而且园土干湿分明对于植物来说可以锻炼根系,让它们更皮实,对养花者来说也好控制浇水,泥炭我们都知道干透就不好再吸水了。

纯草炭养的劳埃德,也长得很好,对植物来讲,什么基质养并不是很重要。

五、施肥。施肥是养好植物的关键步骤,不过多肉是不用什么肥的,这个就略过不谈了。

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