岩牡丹的播种技术和病虫害防治

植物图片 2019-11-04 09:40

小编最近看到有不少的花友都在求岩牡丹的播种技术,其实岩牡丹是不是真的那么难播种呢?小编特意搜集了有关资料,本文除了说一些岩牡丹播种方法外,还会着重说一下岩牡丹幼苗的养护心得,俗话说发芽容易带大难,希望能对正在苦恼的您有所帮助。

岩牡丹的播种技术

岩牡丹的播种技术:

1、岩牡丹播种其实很简单,随便一撒保湿保温很快就出苗,但为了漫长的苗期管理小编奉劝还是不要随便的一撒!

1)播种要有一个好的温床——基质。首先要提醒的是牡丹不喜欢腐殖质之类的东西,所以你还是尊重它!笨笨的配置通常是:1~3mm的赤玉土 粗砂或1~3mm的石砾(含些石粉更好) 中颗粒蛭石(主要为了保水) 少许稻壳灰 少许底肥,比例大致为5:2:2:0.5:0.5 。有人喜欢用蜂窝煤灰渣笨笨也不反对。基质铺设时最好下面铺些大颗粒东西以利透气、好排水,基质厚有6~7cm就行,太薄太厚都不太好。

2)基质要严格高温消毒!笨笨的做法是用微波炉高档5min。

3)播种,要有一定的株距和行距,笨笨通常是每粒之间1cm左右,这个好处后面会说到的。种子直接摆在基质上面浸水浸透(不要大水淹没),加盖,保温,ok。种子在发芽期间有没有光都会发芽的,所以光照并不重要,重要的是气温(22~30℃)和水分!

岩牡丹的播种技术

2、苗期管理,小编把苗期分为两个阶段,第一阶段是出苗至两年期,第二阶段是两年至四年期。

1)第一阶段:关键词:气温,湿度,管住手。

气温:昼35℃ 夜20℃是最理想的;湿度,50~70RH。当然我说起来容易你测起来难!小编的做法:用大点的塑料袋(稍高一点)罩起来,环境气温20℃以上,窗台、阳台上午和下午有直射光的地方,在袋内能有一层水珠形成,ok,袋内的气温湿度基本就在那个范围之内。这也就是所谓的闷养。如果环境气温已经很高了那就直接放散射光处。

注意,我没有说中午,由于11~15点的直射光会毫不留情的晒死或蒸熟你的幼苗,小心了!想办法把直射光变成散射光。

浇水:保持盆土湿润,用浸盆法,水深为盆土深的1/2,浸到看见表层开始湿时即取出。一定要用干净的井水或自来水(放置2天),可有效地防止细菌和虫害。看到有人用瓶装水,笨笨不反对!

管住手:在幼苗一年之内绝对不要轻易移苗!!!最好在第一阶段内不要移。不是所有的都遵从“挪一挪长一长”的定律!这就是要有一定株距的原因。如果一年后不得已一定要移的话要在春夏之交,也就是5~6月间。这个时段适合任何大小的牡丹翻盆,所以童鞋们如果进货也最好在这个时候,易活易恢复!移苗过程中不得伤了它的主根,须根也不要修,干燥的环境中凉1天也就行了,怎么拿出来再怎么栽上去。幼苗自身没有任何能量,根就是它的全部!基质要潮(不是湿),配料参照播种的基质。当然啦,如果能在第一阶段全程不移苗那是最好的,这个损失应该是最小的。管住手关系到你的幼苗长得好不好、快不快、死多少这一关键性问题。

光照:只要能保证气温散射光就足以够它享用了。

通风:没必要刻意通风,过上3、5日你去掉塑料袋欣赏的过程就是它通风的过程。在这里就体现出消毒好坏的重要性!

施肥:小编认为不用。

岩牡丹的播种技术

2)第二阶段:关键词:肥水、管住手

在两周年左右的5、6月间移盆,苗出盆后适度修根,去掉须根和不健康的根就可以啦,可撒点生根粉。当然,如果你是砍根狂人那另当别论,小编在这不讨论。注意仔细看看有无虫害,不过这个几率比较小,由于在第一阶段基本为闷养且消毒充分。凉苗3天左右,视你的环境气温和干燥状况。基质配比参照播种基质,颗粒稍大点,底肥加多点其它没有什么特殊要求。

仍然为潮土上盆,苗间距自行掌握。散射光一周后浸盆,无需闷养。正常浇水3、4次后就可以施入肥水。

强调一下肥水。可依据你的环境使用肥料。很多盆友养在家里所以最好选市场(或淘宝)卖的无味环保的复合肥、化肥等,氮磷钾均衡甚至氮含量适度高点(氮主要可促幼苗生长)。如果有院或露台的那你随便,不管使用哪种肥料都须薄肥勤施,可每次浇水都加点。小编两种肥料都用,间隔使用,要不它们也会吃腻的。小编每年都会去乡下讨一大塑料袋鸡粪,然后放入一小水缸中加水,经过一个夏天的腐熟(这个过程气味会非常大,小编把缸摆在楼顶一角,浓烈的味道会随风飘向天空,特有种田园的赶脚,由于笨笨曾经是个农民,有过4年多的知青经历),汤作为每次浇水的佐料,渣用于做底肥。化肥是磷酸二氢钾和尿素对半加入水中。我们配的基质保水性较差,所以一周左右就要浇一次水。

管住手仍然是不要随便移苗,让它们有个连续生长的时间!

岩牡丹的播种技术

岩牡丹养殖的其他方面:

过冬问题:上述两个阶段都属幼苗管理,幼苗是没有休眠的,所以冬天仍要有一个很好的环境(气温)保证其连续生长不休眠。不要和小编说野生的怎么过冬,由于你不是大自然!小编生活在北方重镇太原,一年四节分明,虽然冬天家里有暖气但还是无法保证正常的生长气温,所以小编在某宝买了块儿宠物加热垫并在窗台用纸盒做了个阳光房!

过夏问题:夏天只要不晒伤晒死或干死就OK。牡丹的耐热是很强的,只要有充分的湿度牡丹可耐45℃的高温。

基质中钙质问题:上述石子石粉是很好的含钙物质外,我们身边还有很多更好的东西,比如蛋壳,螺壳,贝壳等等。不过这些东西都要不含盐、油,并腐熟捣碎才能用。

病虫害防治:牡丹特易患红蜘蛛伤害,越是毛重的越不易根除,所以要勤检查勤打药,防患于未然!

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