多肉植物烟煤病防治（经验篇）：物理隔离加化学药物喷施

植物图片 2019-12-17 10:14

很多花友一旦得知自己的多肉患上了烟煤病，就慌了神，到处查找资料，网上的确有很多关于烟煤病的防治办法，但大多是理论性的文章，实用性并不大。本文整理自一位有着多年养殖经验的花友对多肉烟煤病的一些防治经验，这些经验远比理论性的办法好用，花友们不妨结合自己的情况，给自己的多肉治疗。

多肉植物烟煤病防治（经验篇）

多肉植物烟煤病防治

一、多肉植物罹患烟煤病的原因；

多肉烟煤病是啥病我就不细说了，网上都有，有兴趣的可以去搜一下。现在说下多肉植物患上烟煤病的原因，按照网上的原话就是：“除了夏天闷热潮湿水土感染外，更多来自于各种虫体携带性感染。蚜虫、蚧壳虫蚂蚁等除了啃食吮吸植物叶子根部的汁液外，还会分泌密露排泄粪便，这些分泌物中带有各种菌类，被这些害虫咬伤后会加重感染。”

所以当你发现生了蚧壳虫之后一定要注意了，我遇到蚧壳虫都是用牙签挑出来消灭掉，最近蚧壳虫偶有发生但是不多。前两天在网上看到75{bf}的酒精可以杀蚧壳虫，这个是不是真的我还没验证出来。由于虫子太小，我用牙签挑出来以后滴了一点酒精，死没死就不知道了，估计它也不太好受。但是酒精能杀菌是肯定的，我昨天用75{bf}的酒精试了下，反正喷了酒精之后对肉肉没啥影响，大家可以试试在感染蚧壳虫之后用酒精消毒避免感染菌类。

很多朋友一开始注意不到烟煤病，由于这个病往往不是从叶心开始发展的，所以比较难以察觉，比较容易发病的地方是老叶，尤其是叶柄的背部(也就是叶子靠近桩子的地方‘如图一所示’)，有成片的灰黑色霉斑样，仔细看，斑点处有凹陷，此后由老叶向新叶传染，直至整个植株全部变黑。下面是PO上几张症状的图：

这是老叶叶柄刚开始感染的症状；

老叶叶柄刚开始感染烟煤病

看这个症状就非常典型了，这个植株的病症已经是比较严重的了；

患病较重的植株，整株已经黑化了

上一张不太严重的叶子，参照这个大家回去仔细检查自己的肉肉去吧。（红色圈圈处就是感染部位）

生病的叶子（轻度感染）

二、关于治疗烟煤病；

首先是将病株隔离开来。

然后就是对生病的用药，我主要用的是多菌灵 链霉素溶液喷施，尤其是对叶背，一定要喷洒均匀然后再灌根，多菌灵和链霉素都是内吸性的，是可以被植物吸收到体内。第一周可以三天喷一次，然后后面几周就一周一次就行了，持续三到四周。中间我换了一两次药，换成了多菌灵 多抗霉素B（稀释比例是1:2000）。有些感染比较严重的肉，除了喷施以外还用多菌灵干粉涂抹整个叶子。

由于烟煤病治疗的时候每天看到霉斑都还在，另外由于喷药和涂药，植物全都面目全非，而且又不知道是不是被治疗好了，必须要等一段时间之后看到病情不扩散了才知道是好了，这个过程是非常煎熬的，每天看到这些东西都不要不要的，想死的心都有了。

多菌灵，国光牌的，好东西，我经常随心所欲的用，也不会烧苗，用久了就会有抗药性。

需要花友注意的是一定要注意掌握浓度，由于没有掌握好浓度，我是随手倒的(大家千万别这样)，然后就烧苗了，不过烧是烧了，原本整个叶心都烧黑了，结果还长出正常的新叶，这是比较庆幸的了。橙色圈里面的是烟煤病的病斑，不过已经治好没有再扩散了，蓝色圈是烧苗的。

烧苗与病斑

专题： 多肉植物
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