洋桔梗如何种植：播种要根据品种的不同而提前两个月移植

植物图片 2019-03-27 17:34

洋桔梗，为龙胆科洋桔梗属多年生植物，是国际上非常流行的盆花和切花种类之一。洋桔梗如何种植呢？洋桔梗常用播种繁殖方法，下面我们就一起来看一看洋桔梗种子怎么种吧！

洋桔梗如何种植

品种选择

洋桔梗的品种很多，大体可以分为早生、中生、晚生三个品种，早生品种适合的栽培期在3月、8月和9月，中生品种适合的栽培期为3月、7月和8月，晚生品种适合的栽培期为3至7月，而苗期通常为两个月。因此播种要依据品种的不同而选择在适合移栽前适度提前两个月左右。

洋桔梗

苗土整理

洋桔梗种植土壤采用微碱性的，pH值保持在6-6.5，采用腐叶土、园土加少量腐熟有机肥料配制的营养土，之后对土壤进行消毒，防止病菌的滋生。为了方便些可以尽量用单独的育苗小盆种，这样可以避免发芽时间不一样而发生的徒长现象。然后装好土后用喷壶喷一下，给基质浇透水，使土壤保持湿润。

洋桔梗苗土整理

播种方法

洋桔梗的种子非常细小，通常每克种子大约在1万粒左右，像灰尘一样，哪怕喘个大气儿都好像要被吹飞，所以一定要小心，最好是有东西在下面接着，铺一层白纸，这样即使是不小心掉了，也不怕找不到它。然后有牙签稍粘点水，在种子上点一下，就粘到牙签上了，再往育苗盆里种就方便多了。必须留意的是洋桔梗的种子是不用在上面盖土的，就直接摆在土的表面就可以了。

洋桔梗播种方法

播后保湿

洋桔梗的种子放好后上面如果有盖子可以盖上保湿，如果没有盖子的，可以盖一层家里用的保鲜膜，这样可以保持湿度，每天打开透透气就可以了。也可以每天拿特别细小的喷壶喷喷水，掌握适度的湿度。但一定记得，不要24小时摆在里面，只要每天轻轻喷喷就可以了。种子也需要呼吸的，泡久了种子会泡坏，反而不容易发芽。

洋桔梗播后保湿

发芽管理

洋桔梗种子播后通常15～20天左右就会发芽了，晚一些的也有30天发的。一定要有耐心，不要放弃它们，在没发芽之前一直要保持湿度。发芽以后就不用盖盖子了，可以摆在散光下栽培，但千万不要暴晒，由于刚发芽的幼苗很脆弱的，一晒很容易就干枯而死。这时也不用天天摆在水盆里了，看稍干点了再浇水就可以了，刚出芽的尽量轻轻喷，由于幼苗很小，一用力喷就会倒的。

洋桔梗发芽管理

幼苗移栽

当幼苗长到四至五个叶子时可以移盆了，这时候的配土要给足底肥，可以采用腐叶土、园土加少量腐熟有机肥料配制。盆土配好后，移苗开始，用牙签或镊子辅助移苗，移苗时根部可以带上原土，这样更好缓苗，洋桔梗的根系很细，建议用大盆栽种可以多栽几棵，通常21公分大小的盆栽种4～5棵便可以，这样花簇朵朵配上才好看。刚移盆的苗要放到散光或背光的地方养护4～5天，然后就可以正常养护了。洋桔梗幼苗初期长势很慢，后期会生长很快的，苗生长期间也可以薄肥勤施，以便后期花多枝壮。

洋桔梗幼苗移栽

日常养护

1、光照：洋桔梗花对光照的反应比较敏感，长日照对洋桔梗的生长发育均非常有利，有助于茎叶生长和花芽形成，通常以每天16小时光照效果最好。

2、气温：洋桔梗喜温暖，生长适温为15～28℃，生长期夜间气温不低于12℃。冬天气温在5℃以下，叶丛呈莲座状，不能开花。也能短期耐0℃低温。生长期气温超过30℃，花期明显缩短。

3、浇水：洋桔梗喜欢湿润环境，但过量的水分对洋桔梗根部生长不利，易受病害侵入。花蕾形成后要避免高温高湿环境，否则容易引起真菌性病害。同时，生长期供水不足，茎叶生长细弱，并提早开花。

4、施肥：生长期每半月施一次肥，可用充分腐熟的饼肥水。对分枝性强的品种可摘心，促进多分枝，多开花。

洋桔梗

洋桔梗病虫防治

1、茎枯病：发病初期喷施1{bf}的波尔多液，严重时可用50{bf}甲基托布津可湿性粉剂500倍液和50{bf}百草清可湿性粉剂500～800倍液交替使用，每3～5天喷洒一次。另外注意加强通风透光，降低植株种植密度，合理施氮肥，适度增加磷钾肥，提高植株抗病能力。

2、根腐病：根腐病主要侵染根部及根茎部，发病时根茎部形成黑色坏死斑，严重时植株枯死。该真菌传播主要靠土壤、肥料、浇水等。施用腐熟的肥料，浇水适度，避免积水，发病初期可用50{bf}的多菌灵可湿性粉剂600倍液，每隔10天左右喷施一次，连续2～3次。

3、虫害：洋桔梗主要虫害有潜叶蝇和蚜虫，可用BT生物制剂杀死，蚜虫防治也可用50{bf}辛硫磷1000倍液或40{bf}氧化乐果乳油1000～1500倍液进行喷洒。

洋桔梗

通过上文的介绍，我们了解了洋桔梗的播种繁殖方法，想要种植洋桔梗的朋友就不要错过了！

专题： 洋桔梗 桔梗
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