你知道吗？植物也会流汗

植物图片 2019-03-26 11:33

人在高温或剧烈运动之后会出汗，这些汗是通过体表的汗腺排出来的，经过蒸发，使体温降低，是人体的御热机制。其他大多数的温血动物和人一样，也通过汗腺排汗来御热。动物会流汗不稀奇，但你听说过植物也会“出汗”吗？而且它们在大早晨“出汗”，这是为什么呢？

植物流汗是什么样子的？

相信不少人会见过以下这些情形，在气候潮湿的春末、夏日、秋初的清晨，许多植物的叶尖和叶缘会冒出大量的小水滴。我们一直以为这些小水滴是露珠，其实这并不是露珠！露珠由空气中的水汽在植物表面遇冷凝结成的水滴，通常分布在叶子的表面。但植物叶尖和叶缘部位的水滴，可不是空气中的水汽遇冷凝结形成，而是从植物体中分泌出来的，也就是文章开头所说的植物的“汗液”。露珠是水，而植物的“汗液”里含有少量的无机盐和其它物质，和人类的汗水真的很像！你若不信，可以试着弹掉叶子上的水分，你会发现，叶面上的露珠被弹掉后不见了，而叶尖和叶缘部位的水分被弹掉之后又慢慢冒了出来。

揭秘植物“出汗”之谜

植物为什么会在凉爽的清晨，那么“怕热”而“汗如雨下”呢？原来，植物通过根部大量吸水，这些水很大部分是需要排出体外的。白天，它们在阳光下进行光合作用，叶面上的气孔张开着，大量的水分就通过这些气孔蒸发掉了，所以我们用肉眼看不到它的“汗水”。可到了晚上，气孔全部关闭，而根却仍源源不断地在吸水。这样，植物体内的水分就会过剩、膨胀，进而寻找出口，于是叶尖、叶缘上的水孔就成了它们的“闸口”。这些水孔位于叶子的尖缘，与植物体内运输水分和无机盐的导管相通。所以你在清晨见到的植物“汗液”，其实是植物晚间“流汗”的尾声。

露珠是怎么形成的

在温暖季节的清晨，人们在路边的草，树叶及农作物上经常可以看到露珠，露与霜一样，也不是从天空中降下来的。露的形成原因和过程与霜一样，只不过它形成时的气温在0°C以上罢了。在0°C以上，空气因冷却而达到水汽饱和时的气温叫做"露点气温"。在温暖季节里，夜间地面物体强烈辐射冷却的时候，与物体表面相接触的空气气温下降，在它降到"露点"以后就有多余的水汽析出。由于这时气温在0°C以上，这些多余的水汽就凝结成水滴附着在地面物体上，这就是露。露通常在夜间形成，日出以后，气温升高，露就蒸发消失了。在世上生活的时间很短。在农作物生长的季节里，常有露出现。它对农业生产是有益的。在我国北方的夏天，蒸发很快，遇到缺雨干旱时，农作物的叶子有时白天被晒得卷缩发干，但是夜间有露，叶子就又恢复了原状。人们常把"雨露"并称"，就是这个道理。

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